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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2024-1-12-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">vyucuw</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-1120</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексная фенотипическая оценка по признакам качества плодов и анализ генетического разнообразия перспективных элитных форм ореха грецкого селекции ФГБНУ СКФНЦСВВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comprehensive phenotypic evaluation by fruit quality traits and analysis of the genetic diversity of promising elite walnut forms bred in the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Накиб</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Nakib</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Аделевна Аль-Накиб, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>cелекционно-биотехнологическая лаборатория</p><p>350901; ул. им. 40-летия Победы, 39; Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Al-Nakib, Graduate Student, Junior Researcher</p><p>Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory</p><p>350901; 40th Anniversary of Victory str., 39; Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">supruni@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1120">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1120</self-uri><abstract><p>   Грецкий орех является источником полезных питательных веществ (жирные кислоты, витамины, фенольные соединения) и имеет высокую калорийность. В селекции этой культуры одним из ключевых направлений является отбор на качество плодов. Современный сорт должен соответствовать стандартам внешнего вида плода (крупноплодность, светлый цвет ядра, округлая форма, легкая выделяемость ядра). Не менее актуально изучение генетической структуры коллекций ореха грецкого с помощью микросателлитных маркеров.</p><p>   Целью представленной работы является комплексная оценка хозяйственно ценных признаков плодов и анализ генетического разнообразия перспективных элитных форм ореха грецкого селекции ФГБНУ СКФНЦСВВ с использованием микросателлитных ДНК-маркеров.</p><p>   Морфологическую оценку плодов проводили по 13 признакам, биохимический анализ включал общий анализ содержания жиров, фенольных соединений, макроэлементов (Na, K, Mg, Ca) и водорастворимых сухих веществ. Молекулярно-генетический анализ проводили с использованием восьми SSR-маркеров: WGA001, WGA069, WGA376, WGA276, WGA009, WGA202, WGA089, WGA321. В результате комплексной фенотипической и биохимической оценки плодов выделены элитные формы, превосходящие сорт-контроль: масса плода – 17-1-18 (13,36 г), МП-82 (14,80 г), ЯБ-18 (13,47 г); содержание ядра – 17-2-23 (61,24 %), 17-5-5 (58,49 %), 17-2-16 (57,7 %); содержание жиров – МП-34 (68 %), 17-1-18 (61 %), 17-2-16 (62 %), МП-39 (60 %), ЯБ-5 (60 %). Микросателлитный анализ выявил среднее значение аллелей на локус, равное 7,13, что говорит о высоком уровне генетической гетерогенности изученной выборки элитных форм. В результате UPGMA и PCoA анализов было установлено наличие двух генетически отличных групп. К первой отнесены крупноплодные образцы, превосходящие контроль по массе плода (МП-82, ЯБ-18). Во второй группе преобладали высокомасличные формы с высоким процентом выхода ядра (17-1-18, ЯБ-5, 17-2-23, 17-2-16, МП-39, МП-34, 17-5-5), формы с хорошей выделяемостью ядра (17-2-5, 17-2-16, 17-5-5, 17-5-10, МП-39, МП-67, МП-69 и МП-170). Это позволяет сделать вывод о перспективности скрещивания генетически удаленных форм не только для решения селекционных задач, но также в целях сохранения и повышения генетической гетерогенности селекционного генофонда ореха грецкого.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Walnuts are a source of benefi cial nutrients (fatty acids, vitamins, phenolic compounds) and are high in calories. In the breeding of this cultivated plant, one of the key areas is selection for fruit quality. A modern cultivar must meet the standards of fruit appearance (large fruit, light kernel color, round shape, easy shell-kernel separation). The study of the genetic structure of walnut collections using microsatellite markers is no less relevant.</p><p>   The article aims to comprehensively evaluate the economically valuable traits of fruits and analyze the genetic diversity of promising elite walnut forms bred by the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking employing microsatellite DNA markers.</p><p>   Morphological fruit evaluation was carried out according to 13 traits. The biochemical analysis included total fat content, phenolic compounds, macronutrients (Na, K, Mg, Ca), and water-soluble solids. The molecular genetic analysis was performed using eight SSR markers: WGA001, WGA069, WGA376, WGA276, WGA009, WGA202, WGA089, WGA321. The comprehensive phenotypic and biochemical evaluation of fruits resulted in the identifi cation of elite forms superior to the check cultivar. For these elite forms, the fruit weight was 17-1-18 (13.36 g), MP-82 (14.80 g), YaB-18 (13.47 g); the kernel content was 17-2-23 (61.24 %), 17-5-5 (58.49 %), 17-2-16 (57.7 %); the fat content – MP-34 (68 %), 17-1-18 (61 %), 17-2-16 (62 %), MP-39 (60 %), YaB-5 (60 %). The microsatellite analysis revealed an average allele value per locus of 7.13, which indicates a high level of genetic heterogeneity in the studied sample of elite forms. Using the UPGMA clustering method and PCoA analysis, we revealed the presence of two genetically distinct groups. Th e first one includes large-fruited samples that exceed the check cultivar in terms of fruit weight (MP-82, YaB-18). In the second group, high-oil-bearing forms with a large percentage of kernel yield (17-1-18, YaB-5, 17-2-23, 17-2-16, MP-39, MP-34, 17-5-5) and forms with good shell-kernel separation (17-2-5, 17-2-16, 17-5-5, 17-5-10, MP-39, MP-67, MP-69, MP-170) predominated. Th us, it can be concluded that crossing genetically distant forms is promising not only for solving breeding issues, but also for preserving and increasing the genetic heterogeneity of the breeding walnut gene pool.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>орех грецкий</kwd><kwd>качество плодов</kwd><kwd>биохимический анализ плодов</kwd><kwd>селекция грецкого ореха</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>SSR-маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>walnut</kwd><kwd>fruit quality</kwd><kwd>biochemical fruit analysis</kwd><kwd>walnut breeding</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>SSR markers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств гранта Российского научного фонда и Кубанского научного фонда № 22-16-20061, https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-16-20061/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation and the Kuban Science Foundation, grant No. 22-16-20061, https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-16-20061/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FAO (2022). 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