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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2024-3-14-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-1206</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная характеристика засухоустойчивости перспективных отечественных и зарубежных сортов яблони на клоновом подвое 54-118</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of the drought tolerance of promising domestic and foreign apple varieties on clonal rootstock 54-118</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-9991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галашева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galasheva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галашева Анна Мироновна - кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом селекции, сортоизучения и сортовой агротехники семечковых культур</p><p>д. Жилина, Орловский р-н, Орловская обл., 302530</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna M. Galasheva - PhD (Agric.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Breeding, Varietal Study and Varietal Agricultural Technology of Pome Crops</p><p>village Zhilina, Oryol District, Oryol Region, 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna-galasheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-4073</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ожерельева</surname><given-names>З. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ozherelieva</surname><given-names>Z. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией физиологии устойчивости плодовых растений</p><p>д. Жилина, Орловский р-н, Орловская обл., 302530</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Agric.), Leading Researcher, Head of Laboratory of Physiology of Resistance of Fruit Plants</p><p>village Zhilina, Oryol District, Oryol Region, 302530</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1206">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1206</self-uri><abstract><p>На территории Орловской области зафиксированы годы с интенсивными засухами и суховеями в июне и июле (период вегетации и плодоношения плодовых и ягодных культур) – они составляют 20-55 %. Цель исследований – оценить засухоустойчивость сортов яблони на основе изучения показателей водного режима листьев в условиях Орловской области. Объектами исследований являлись сорта яблони ‘Ligol’ (польской селекции), ‘Honey Crisp’ (американской селекции), ‘Рождественское’, ‘Память Семакина’, ‘Министр Киселев’, ‘Орловское Полесье’, ‘Вятич’, ‘Орловский Партизан’, ‘Здоровье’ (селекция ВНИИСПК) на среднерослом подвое 54-118. Опыт заложен осенью 2016 г., схема посадки 5 х 2,5 м. Для определения засухоустойчивости сортов использовали метод искусственного обезвоживания в 2-кратной повторности (по 5 листьев в каждой повторности). Листья высушивали в климатической камере «Espec» PSL-2KPH в металлических бюксах при температуре 105 °С до постоянной массы. Потери воды листьями определяли на момент завершения процесса обезвоживания (через 4 часа). Для определения способности к восстановлению оводненности тканей листья взвешивали и раскладывали для подвядания, а через 4 часа их взвешивали и оставляли на 12 часов для насыщения водой. За два года исследований в течение вегетации при данных погодных условиях отмечен средний уровень оводненности тканей листьев у всех изучаемых сортов. Наибольший показатель водного дефицита в полевых условиях в августе 2019-2020 гг. отмечен у сорта ‘Орловский Партизан’ (12,3 и 10 %). В среднем за годы исследований после моделирования засухи сорта характеризовались средним уровнем водного дефицита. Наиболее низкий уровень (в среднем за вегетационный период – июнь, июль, август) был у сортов ‘Рождественское’ – 29,5 % и ‘Вятич’ – 27,4 %. Отмечена высокая способность к восстановлению оводненности тканей листьев после засухи и последующего насыщения их водой в лабораторных условиях у сортов ‘Рождественское’ – 128,5 % и ‘Орловский Партизан’ – 127,7. Данные исследования показали, что сорта яблони на среднерослом подвое 54-118 в условиях Орловской области имели средний показатель засухоустойчивости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Oryol Oblast (Russia) is characterized by years with intensive droughts and dry winds in June and July, i.e., during vegetation and fruiting of fruit and berry crops. These periods make up about 20-55 %. We set out to evaluate the drought tolerance of apple-tree varieties based on their leaf water content indicators under the conditions of the Oryol Oblast. The research objects were the following apple varieties: ‘Ligol’ (Polish selection), ‘Honey Crisp’ (American selection), ‘Rozhdestvenskoe’, ‘Pamyat Semakina’, ‘Minister Kiselev’, ‘Orlovskoe Polesie’, ‘Vyatich’,‘Orlovsky Partizan’, and ‘Zdorovye’ (VNIISPK selection) on a medium-grown rootstock 54-118. The experiment was laid out in the fall of 2016; the planting scheme was 5 x 2.5 m. The drought tolerance of the apple varieties was studied by the method of artificial dehydration in 2-fold repetition (5 leaves in each repetition). Leaves were dried in an Espec PSL- 2KPH environmental test chamber in metal vessels at a temperature of 105 °C to constant weight. Water loss by apple leaves was determined at the time of completion of the dehydration process (following 4 h). To determine the ability of leaves to restore their water content, leaves were weighed and spread out for wilting. After 4 h, the leaves were weighed and left to saturate with water for 12 h. Over two years of research during the vegetation period under the specified conditions, an average level of leaf tissue water content was observed in all the studied varieties. The highest index of water deficit under the field conditions in August 2019-2020 was observed in ‘Orlovsky Partizan’ (12.3 and 10 %). On average, during the research period after drought simulation, apple-tree varieties were characterized by an average level of water deficit. Its lowest level (on average for the vegetation period, i.e., June, July, and August) was noted in ‘Rozhdestvenskoe’ (29.5 %) and ‘Vyatich’ (27.4 %) varieties. A high ability to restore the water content of leaf tissues after drought and subsequent saturation of their water under laboratory conditions was noted in ‘Rozhdestvenskoe’ (128.5 %) and ‘Orlovsky Partizan’ (127.7 %) varieties. Our studies showed that apple varieties on medium-grown rootstock 54-118 under the conditions of the Oryol Oblast have an average index of drought tolerance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сорт</kwd><kwd>яблоня</kwd><kwd>оводненность листьев</kwd><kwd>водный дефицит</kwd><kwd>засуха</kwd><kwd>период вегетации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>varieties</kwd><kwd>apple tree</kwd><kwd>leaf water content</kwd><kwd>water deficit</kwd><kwd>drought</kwd><kwd>vegetation period</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulikov I. M., Burmenko J. V., Svistunova N. Y., Evdokimenko S. N. Regionally adapted model of an ideal Malus×domestica Borkh apple variety for industrial-scale cultivation in European Russia, Agriculture. 2022;12(12):2124. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12122124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulikov I. 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