vstispСадоводство и виноградарствоHorticulture and viticulture0235-25912618-9003Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»10.31676/0235-2591-2024-3-21-30vstisp-1207Research ArticleФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRYВлияние зоогумуса на продуктивность и жирнокислотный профиль мяты перечной (Mentha piperita L.)Effect of zoohumus on the productivity and fatty acid profile of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)ПухальскийЯ. В.PuhalskyJ. V.

Пухальский Ян Викторович - инженер исследователь

Литейный пр., 55, Санкт-Петербург, 191014

Jan V. Puhalsky - Research Engineer

55, Liteiny pr., St. Petersburg, 191014

puhalskyyan@gmail.comЛоскутовС. И.LoskutovS. I.

кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, Заведующий лаборатории промышленных биотехнологических инноваций

Литейный пр., 55, Санкт-Петербург, 191014

PhD (Agric.), Head of the Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnological Innovations

55, Liteiny pr., St. Petersburg, 191014

ЯкубовскаяА. И.YakubovskayaA. I.

Кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, заведующая лабораторией физиологии и экологии микроорганизмов в отделе сельскохозяйственной микробиологии

Симферополь 

PhD (Agric.), Head of the Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology of Microorganisms in the Department of Agricultural Microbiology

Simferopol 

КаменеваИ. А.KamenevaI. A.

кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

Симферополь 

PhD (Agric.), Leading Researcher

Simferopol 

МещеряковД. Д.MeshcheryakovD. D.

Инженер

Красноярск

Engineer

Krasnoyarsk

СитновВ. Ю.SitnovV. Yu.

Директор

Литейный пр., 55, Санкт-Петербург, 191014

Director

55, Liteiny pr., St. Petersburg, 191014

ВНИИ пищевых добавок ‒ филиал ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В. М. ГорбатоваРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Food Additives – branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Food Systems named after. V. M. GorbatovaRussian FederationФГБУН «Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Крыма»РоссияResearch Institute of Agriculture of the CrimeaRussian FederationООО «Led for Plant»РоссияLed for Plant LLCRussian Federation202410072024032130Copyright © Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 20242024Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1207

Развитие органического земледелия предполагает минимизацию или полный отказ от использования минеральных удобрений в пользу органических. В своде фармакопеи относительно выращивания лекарственных и ароматических культур это положение регламентировано тем, что при минимальном применении синтетических веществ, полученное лекарственное сырье (ЛРС) будет являться экологически чистым, без остаточных примесей пестицидов и тяжелых металлов. Развитие отрасли органического хозяйства предполагает появление на рынке все более новых продуктов. Одним из таких источников вторичного сырья является зоогумус черной львинки (Hermetia illucens). Целью данной работы было показать возможность использования его щелочных экстрактов при размножении мяты перечной (Mentha piperita L.) путем черенкования в условиях защищенного грунта. Растения выращивали в течение 60 дней в горшечной культуре на субстрате из нейтрализованного торфа. Жидкую добавку зоогумуса однократно вносили в грунт путем проливания субстрата концентрациями 0,2, 1,0 и 2,2 % рабочего раствора. Контролем служил вариант выращивания растений на воде. По окончании опыта проводили биометрическую и биохимическую оценки полученного зеленого урожая. Жирнокислотный профиль экстрактов из листьев анализировали методом ГХ-МС. Исследование показало, что M. piperita L. имеет низкий уровень выхода насыщенных жирных кислот и высокий процент синтеза ненасыщенных. Доминирующими компонентами среди последних оказались C18:3 (омега-ω3) и C18:2 (омега-ω6). Расчет индекса их соотношения показал возрастание значений в вариантах с использованием зоогумуса. Помимо улучшения пищевой ценности, повышение данного показателя может означать повышение текучести мембран, за счет чего у растений происходит усиление эффекта кросс-адаптации к воздействию мультистрессов. При этом, в сравнении с контрольными, растения, выращенные на субстрате с внесением зоогумуса, по соотношению величин высоты к массе побегов получаются более низкорослыми, но кустистыми. На основе сопоставления полученных значений по другим пищевым индексам был сделан вывод об оптимальной концентрации рабочего раствора использования зоогумуса на твердом субстрате, равной 1,0 %.

Organic farming development involves minimizing or completely abandoning the use of mineral fertilizers in favor of organic ones. Regarding the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops, in the Pharmacopoeia this thesis is specified by the fact that using minimum synthetic substances, the obtained medicinal raw materials (MRM) will be environmentally friendly, without residual impurities of pesticides and heavy metals. The development of the organic farming industry entails the appearance of more and more new products on the market. One such source of secondary raw materials is black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) zoohumus. The article aims to show the feasibility of using its alkaline extracts in cutting propagation of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in protected ground conditions. Plants were grown for 60 days in pot culture on a neutralized peat growing medium. The liquid zoohumus supplement was applied to the soil once by drenching the growing medium with concentrations of 0.2, 1.0, and 2.2 % of the working solution. The control was the variant of growing plants on water. At the end of the experiment, biometric and biochemical evaluations of the resulting green yield were made. The fatty acid profile of leaf extracts was analyzed by GC-MS. The study showed that M. piperita L. has a low yield of saturated fatty acids and a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. The dominant components among the latter were C18:3 (omega-ω3) and C18:2 (omega-ω6). Calculation of their ratio index showed an increase in the values in the zoohumus variants. In addition to nutritional value improvement, an increase in this parameter may mean an increase in membrane fluidity, which enhances the effect of cross-adaptation to multiple stresses in plants. At the same time, in comparison with the controls, the plants grown on a medium with zoohumus application turn out to be shorter, but bushier in terms of the shoot height to mass ratio. Having compared the obtained values for other nutritional indices, we concluded that the optimal concentration of the working solution for zoohumus application on a solid growing medium equals 1.0 %.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.