References

vstisp

Садоводство и виноградарство

Horticulture and viticulture

0235-25912618-9003

Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»

10.31676/0235-2591-2024-6-33-40

vstisp-1309

Research Article

ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

Влияние сорта и условий среды на физиологический профиль винограда

Effect of variety and ambient conditions on the physiological profile of grapes

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8425-5216

Мишко

А. Е.

Mishko

A. E.

Мишко А. Е. − кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологии и биохимии растений

Краснодар

Mishko A. E., PhD (Biol.), Researcher at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-1725

Сундырева

М. А.

Sundyreva

M. A.

Сундырева Мария Андреевна − кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, зав. лабораторией физиологии и биохимии растений

ул. 40-летия Победы, д. 39, Краснодар, 350901

Maria A. Sundyreva, PhD (Agric.), Head of Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

39, 40-th Anniversary of Victory str., Krasnodar, 350901

mari.sundy@bk.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-0827

Луцкий

Е. О.

Lutsky

E. O.

Луцкий Е. О. − аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологии и биохимии растений

Краснодар

Lutsky E. O., Postgraduate, Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-1139

Схаляхо

Т. В.

Shalyakho

T. V.

Схаляхо Т. В. − младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологии и биохимии растений

Краснодар

Shalyakho T. V., Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0148-4966

Леонова

А. А.

Leonova

A. A.

Леонова А. А. − магистрант, лаборант-исследователь лаборатории физиологии и биохимии растений

Краснодар

Leonova A. A., Postgraduate Student, Laboratory Research Assistant at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5973-3886

Баранов

М. О.

Baranov

M. O.

Баранов М. О. – магистрант, лаборант-исследователь лаборатории физиологии и биохимии растений

Краснодар

Baranov M. O., Postgraduate Student, Laboratory Research Assistant at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

Krasnodar

Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделияРоссияNorth Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-makingRussian Federation

2024

22012025

063340

2025

Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»

https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice

https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1309

Виноград относится к засухоустойчивым культурам. Однако дефицит воды, с одной стороны, оказывает негативное воздействие на рост, развитие, долговечность и устойчивость винограда к болезням и низким температурам, но, с другой стороны, необходим для получения качественного урожая. Высокие температуры могут негативно сказываться на качественных показателях урожая. Степень того или иного направления влияния абиотических факторов на продуктивность винограда определяется его устойчивостью. Реакции растений в целом на воздействие дефицита воды и температурные колебания достаточно консервативны, однако влияние генотипа на метаболические перестройки, которые обеспечивают функционирование растений в неоптимальных условиях, велико. Детальное понимание ключевых факторов, определяющих реакции винограда на внешние воздействия, позволит эффективно делать выбор в сторону той или иной стратегии возделывания культуры, подбора сорта или размещения в подходящих агроэкологических условиях. Целью работы являлось изучение ведущего фактора в метаболических изменениях винограда в стрессовых условиях засухи и высокой температуры. Исследования проведены в контролируемых условиях. Изучено влияние моделируемой засухи, высокой температуры и их комбинации на физиологические реакции сортов винограда ‘Каберне-Совиньон’, ‘Кутузовский’, ‘Морозко’. Ведущим фактором в метаболических изменениях винограда являлся сорт и воздействие температуры. Засуха оказывала влияние на наименьшее количество физиологобиохимических параметров, что может быть связано с достаточно высокой засухоустойчивостью культуры. Невысокий уровень повреждения клеток (изменения относительно контроля составляли около 5 %), пигментного аппарата (индекс стабильности хлорофилла более 90 %), относительно низкое содержание МДА (31 и 33 мкмоль/г сырой массы) позволяет характеризовать сорт ‘Кутузовский’ как более устойчивый в сравнении с ‘Морозко’ и ‘Каберне-Совиньон’. Адаптивные процессы обеспечивались адаптивной деградацией крахмала и увеличением содержания растворимых углеводов, высокой пероксидазной активностью и повышением содержания фенольных соединений. Комбинированное действие засухи и высокой температуры приводило к ингибированию пероксидазной активности, снижению расщепления крахмала, увеличению интенсивности окислительных процессов и повреждению тканей винограда.

Grapes can be classified as drought-resistant crops. However, water deficit, albeit required to produce a quality crop, negatively affects the growth, development, longevity, and resistance of grapes to diseases and low temperatures. High temperatures can also reduce crop quality. Therefore, the resistance of the particular grape variety determines the extent to which abiotic factors influence its productivity. In general, the plant responses to the effects of water deficit and temperature fluctuations are quite conservative; nevertheless, the genotype has a significant influence on the metabolic changes that ensure plant functioning under suboptimal conditions. A comprehensive understanding of the key factors that determine the response of grapes to external influences can identify an effective strategy for breeding, variety selection, or placement under suitable agroecological conditions. The paper aims to explore the leading factor in metabolic changes of grapes under the stress of drought and high temperature. The studies were carried out under controlled conditions. The influence of modeled drought, high temperature, as well as their combination on physiological reactions of the Cabernet-Sauvignon, Kutuzovsky, and Morozko varieties was analyzed. Variety and temperature effects were the leading factors of metabolic changes in grapes, while drought impacted the least number of physiological and biochemical parameters, probably due to a rather high drought resistance of grapes. The low level of cell damage (changes compared the control were about 5%), pigment apparatus (chlorophyll stability index more than 90 %), relatively low MDA content (31 and 33 μmol/g crude weight) can characterize the Kutuzovsky variety as more stable in comparison with Morozko and Cabernet-Sauvignon varieties. Adaptive processes were provided by adaptive degradation of starch, an increase in the content of soluble carbohydrates, high peroxidase activity, and an increase in the content of phenolic compounds. The combined effect of drought and high temperature caused inhibition of peroxidase activity, decrease in starch degradation, higher intensity of oxidative processes, and damage to grape tissues.

виноградсортзасухавысокотемпературный стрессмодельные условияфизиологические параметры

grapevarietydroughthigh temperature stressmodel conditionsphysiological parameters

Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ, проект № 23-26-00280.

The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 23-26-00280).

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