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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2024-6-51-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-1311</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейросети как вспомогательный элемент фитосанитарного мониторинга плодовых культур на примере яблони</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neural networks as a support element of phytosanitary monitoring of fruit crops on the example of apple trees</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7643-775X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутырев А. И. – кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией интеллектуальных цифровых систем мониторинга, диагностики и управления процессами в сельскохозяйственном производстве,</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kutyrev A. I., PhD (Techn.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Intelligent Digital Systems for Monitoring, Diagnostics and Process Management in Agricultural Production</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9992-1261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнов И. Г. – доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом технологий и машин для садоводства, виноградарства и питомниководства</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Smirnov I. G., Dr. Sci. (Techn.), Chief Researcher, Head of the Department of Technologies and Machines for Horticulture, Viticulture and Nursery</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8458-8957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пряхина</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pryakhina</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пряхина Марина Сергеевна – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией защиты растений</p><p>ул. Загорьевская, д. 4, г. Москва, 115598</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina S. Pryakhina, PhD (Agric.), Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Plant Protection</p><p>4, Zagorevskaya str., Moscow, 115598</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinakordyankina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8919-8532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семёнов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семёнов А. В. – кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник, сектор экономики и цифровизации отдела питомниководства и трансферта технологий</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semenov A. V., PhD (Econ.), Senior Researcher, Economics and Digitalization Sector of the Nursery and Technology Transfer Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушанков</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushankov</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глушанков Р. Е. – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Glushankov R. E., PhD (Agric.), Senior Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный селекционно-технологический центр садоводства и питомниководства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1311">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1311</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты разработки модели сверточной нейронной сети для распознавания и классификации болезней на изображениях листьев и плодов яблони. В ходе исследований применялся метод трансферного обучения модели YOLOv10-X (You Only Look Once, версия 10, Extra-large), предварительно обученной на общедоступном наборе данных COCO (Common Objects in Context), который включает более 200000 изображений и миллионы аннотированных объектов. Набор обучающих данных (изображений) собран в научно-производственном отделе ФГБНУ ФНЦ Садоводства. Искусственное увеличение объема обучающей выборки с помощью таких методов, как поворот изображений, добавление шумов и изменение оттенков, увеличило набор используемых данных до 2200 изображений. Для оценки качества модели использовались метрики Precision (точность) и Recall (полнота), а также метрика mean Average Precision (mAP). Исследования показали, что модель распознает поражения листьев паршой («scab»), мучнистой росой («powdery_mildew»), ржавчиной («rust») и различными видами пятнистостей («spot»), показывая среднюю точность (mAP) 0,6. Наиболее сложным для распознавания оказался класс «spot» (пятнистость) (mAP50=0,411; Recall=0,324), в то время как класс «rust» показал наименьшую сложность (mAP=0,868; Recall=0,803). В результате проведенных исследований оптимизированы параметры модели, включая порог уверенности (0,48), скорость обучения (learningrate) – 0,01, количество эпох – 313 и размер мини-пакета (batchsize) – 8. Проведенное тестирование роботизированной платформы с RGB-камерами показало, что автоматический сбор данных с высокой частотой позволит проводить мониторинг в реальном времени и эффективно отслеживать динамику признаков поражений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the results of developing a convolutional neural network model for detecting and classifying diseases based on images of apple tree leaves and fruits. The study involves transfer learning for the YOLOv10-X model (You Only Look Once, version 10, Extra-large), pre-trained on the public COCO dataset (Common Objects in Context), which includes over 200,000 images and millions of annotated objects. The training dataset was compiled in the Research and Production Department of the Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Russia). Artificial augmentation of the training dataset by rotating images, adding noise, and changing tints and shades increased the dataset to 2200 images. The Precision and Recall metrics, as well as the mean Average Precision (mAP) metric, were used to evaluate the performance of the model. The study demonstrated that the model effectively recognizes leaf lesions caused by scab, powdery mildew, rust, and various types of spots, achieving a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.6. The “spot” class appeared to be the most difficult to recognize (mAP50=0.411; Recall=0.324), while the “rust” class revealed the least difficulty (mAP=0.868; Recall=0.803). The study contributed to optimizing the model parameters, including the confidence threshold (0.48), the learning rate (0.01), the number of epochs (313) and the batchsize (8). Testing of a robotic platform equipped with RGB cameras indicated that automatic data collection at high frequency enables effective real-time monitoring of lesion dynamics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сверточная нейронная сеть</kwd><kwd>фитосанитарный мониторинг</kwd><kwd>цифровизация</kwd><kwd>распознавание болезней</kwd><kwd>трансферное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>convolutional neural network</kwd><kwd>phytosanitary monitoring</kwd><kwd>digitalization</kwd><kwd>disease detection</kwd><kwd>transfer learning</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-76-10071 «Развитие методов дистанционного мониторинга на основе оптической визуализации биологических объектов в садоводстве», https://rscf.ru/project/24-76-10071/; Лабораторные исследования выполнены в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ ФНЦ Садоводства FGUW-2024-0002 «Изучить особенности биоэкологии и вредоносности вредителей и болезней плодовых и ягодных культур, разработать элементы рационального применения экологизированных средств защиты многолетних агроценозов с использованием цифровых технологий».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation – Agreement No. 24-76-10071 «Development of remote monitoring methods based on optical visualization of biological objects in horticulture», https://rscf.ru/project/24-76-10071/.  Laboratory studies were carried out within the framework of the state task of  Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, FGUW-2024-0002 «To study the bioecology and harmfulness of pests and diseases affecting fruit and berry crops, and to develop rational application of environmentally sound protection measures for perennial agrocenoses using digital technologies».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пантия Г. Г., Михайлова Е. В. Влияние регулятора роста Зеребра Агро на интенсивность развития Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint и урожайность яблони, Известия сельскохозяйственной науки Тавриды. 2023;35(198):62-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pantia G. G., Mikhailova E. V. 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