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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2025-2-5-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-1354</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка метода эмбриокультуры для сохранения зародышей косточковых культур (Prunus L.) от различных комбинаций скрещиваний и популяций от свободного опыления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Embryo culture for preserving stone fruit (Prunus L.) embryos of different cross combinations and free pollination populations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-3217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бъядовский</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bjadovskiy</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бъядовский И. А. – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел репродуктивной биотехнологии,  </p><p>4, ул. Загорьевская, Москва, 115598. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bjadovskiy I. A., PhD (Agric.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechnology, </p><p>4, Zagorievskaya str., Moscow, 115598.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biakarachev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1399-3235</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгов С. В. – доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, отдел репродуктивной биотехнологии;  главный научный сотрудник, </p><p>4, ул. Загорьевская, Москва, 115598.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dolgov S. V., Dr. Sci., Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Reproductive Biotechnology; Chief Researcher, </p><p>4, Zagorievskaya str., Moscow, 115598.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6172-9597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурменко</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burmenko</surname><given-names>Ju. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурменко Ю. В. – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела селекции садовых культур, </p><p>4, ул. Загорьевская, Москва, 115598.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burmenko J. V., PhD (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Department of Horticultural Crops Breeding, </p><p>4, Zagorievskaya str., Moscow, 115598.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный селекционно-технологический центр садоводства и питомниководства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Horticultural Centеr for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный селекционно-технологический центр садоводства и питомниководства (Москва); Лаборатория экспрессионных систем и модификации генома растений, филиал Института биоорганической химии им. акад. М. М. Шемякина и Ю. А. Овчинникова РАН (Пущино)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Horticultural Centеr for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Moscow); Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plants Genome Modifi cation, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS (Pushchino)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1354">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1354</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучено влияние различных по минеральному составу питательных сред и регуляторов роста на приживаемость зародышей косточковых культур (Prunus L.) при изоляции в культуру in vitro. Исследования проводились в 2022-2023 гг., в первый год на 364 инициальных эксплантах, во второй – на 380. Изоляция зародышей от различных комбинаций скрещиваний (слива домашняя, алыча, абрикос и терн) и популяций свободного опыления проводилась в III декаде июня – II декаде июля. В исследовании использовались 4 модифицированные питательные среды: Мурасиге-Скуга (MC) (75 % от полного содержания макроэлементов) с добавлением: 1 – 0,5 мг/л форхлорфенурон (CPPU), 2 – 0,5 мг/л индолилмаслянная (ИМК) + 0,5 мг/л индолилуксусная кислоты (ИУК); Кворина-Лепуавра (QL) с добавлением: 3 – 0,5 мг/л CPPU, 4 – 0,75 мг/л ИМК + 0,75 мг/л ИУК. Установлено, что для сохранения зародышей внутривидовых и межвидовых гибридов косточковых культур возможно применение как MC с разбавленной минеральной частью макроэлементов до 75 % (от полного), так и QL. Показано, что на этапе изоляции в культуру in vitro зародышей использование питательных сред MC с разбавленной минеральной частью макроэлементов до 75 % (от полного) и QL позволяет получать качественные изолированные экспланты косточковых культур (Prunus L.). На питательной среде QL приживаемость была выше, если в родительских формах присутствовал сорт алычи ‘Кубанская Комета’. Отмечено, что для большинства комбинаций скрещиваний Prunus L. более высокая (до 100 %) частота развития инициальных зародышей достигается добавлением в питательные среды CPPU в концентрации 0,5 мг/л (независимо от минерального состава). При введении в культуру in vitro зародышей косточковых культур от контролируемых комбинаций скрещиваний и популяций от свободного опыления представляется целесообразным использовать как среды на основе MS, так и QL в равных пропорциях, что гарантированно позволяет получать более 33 % развитых эмбрионов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article studies the survival capacity of stone fruit (Prunus L.) embryos in nutrient media of diff erent mineral composition, with various growth regulators under conditions of in vitro culture. The studies were conducted in 2022-2023, with 364 initial explants in the fi rst year and 380 in the second year. Isolation of embryos of diff erent cross combinations, such as common plum (Prunus domestica L.), cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera L.), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), sloe (Prunus spinosa L.), and free pollination populations was carried out between June, 21 and July, 19. The study used four modifi ed nutrient media: Murashige-Skoog (MS) (75 % of total macronutrient content) with addition of the following: 1 – 0.5 mg/L forchlorfenuron (CPPU), 2 – 0.5 mg/L indolebutyric acid (IBA) + 0.5 mg/L indolylacetic acid (IAA); Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL,) with the addition of: 3 – 0.5 mg/L CPPU, 4 – 0.75 mg/L IBA + 0.75 mg/L IAA. The results indicate the feasibility of using both MS with diluted mineral part of macronutrients up to 75 % (from total amount) and QL for preserving embryos of intraspecifi c and interspecifi c hybrids of stone fruit crops. Moreover, at the stage of isolating embryos the use of nutrient media MS with diluted mineral part of macronutrients up to 75 % (of full content) and QL provides obtaining of high-quality isolated explants of stone fruit crops (Prunus L.). At that, the survival capacity was higher on the QL nutrient medium in case the parental forms included the cherry plum variety Kubanskaya Kometa. In the majority of Prunus L. cross combinations, a higher (up to 100 %) frequency of initial embryo development was achieved by adding 0.5 mg/L CPPU to nutrient media (regardless of mineral composition). Therefore, it is advisable to use both MS-based and QL-based media in equal proportions to obtain over 33 % of developed embryos while initiating stone fruit embryos of controlled cross combinations and free pollination populations into in vitro culture. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>косточковые культуры (Prunus L.)</kwd><kwd>эмбриокультура</kwd><kwd>изоляция зародышей in vitro</kwd><kwd>регуляторы роста</kwd><kwd>питательные среды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stone fruit crops (Prunus L.)</kwd><kwd>embryo culture</kwd><kwd>isolation</kwd><kwd>in vitro culture</kwd><kwd>growth regulators</kwd><kwd>nutrient media</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены в соответствии с государственным заданием ФГБНУ ФНЦ Садоводства по теме «Создание методологической платформы биотехнологических процессов и разработка элементов технологий управления генетическим потенциалом селекционных форм плодовых и ягодных культур» (FGUW-2025-0001).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the state order of FSBSO ARHCBAN for the topic «Creation of a methodological platform of biotechnological processes and development of elements of technologies for management of genetic potential of selection forms of fruit and berry crops» (FGUW-2025-0001).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishna R., Khandagale K., Benke A. 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