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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2025-4-5-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-1413</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ жирнокислотного состава и генетических взаимосвязей сортов и элитных форм ореха грецкого из генофонда СКФНЦСВВ для повышения эффективности селекции на биологическую ценность плодов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of the fatty acid composition and genetic relationships of walnut cultivars and elite forms from the gene pool at the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making to enhance the breeding efficiency for the biological value of fruits</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-8395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Супрун</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suprun</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>И. И. Супрун - кандидат биологических наук, заведующий функциональным научным центром «Селекции и питомниководства»</p><p>ул. 40 лет Победы, 39, г. Краснодар, 350901</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>I. I. Suprun, PhD (Biol.), Head of the Functional Scientific Center «Breeding and Nursery»</p><p>st. 40 years of Victory, 39, Krasnodar, 350901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">supruni@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-1176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Накиб</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Nakib</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Е. А. Аль-Накиб - аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории селекционно-биотехнологической</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>E. A. Al-Nakib, Postgraduate student, Junior Researcher Associate of Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-300X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>И. В. Степанов - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории селекционно-биотехнологической</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>I. V. Stepanov, Junior Researcher Associate of Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3580-2316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лободина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobodina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Е. В. Лободина - кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории селекционно-биотехнологической</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>E. V. Lobodina, PhD (Tech.), Researcher Associate of Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-3614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевников</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Е. А. Кожевников - аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории сортоизучения и селекции винограда</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>E. A. Kozhevnikov, Postgraduate Student, Junior Researcher for Grape Variety Study and Selection Laboratory</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasian Federal Scientifi c Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1413">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1413</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлены результаты изучения жирнокислотного состава плодов у 23 сортов и элитных форм ореха грецкого из генофонда ФГБНУ СКФНЦСВВ, а также их генетических взаимосвязей на основе микросателлитного генотипирования. Определяли общее содержание жиров в плодах, содержание отдельных полиненасыщенных, мононенасыщенных и насыщенных жирных кислот. Для анализа генетического разнообразия использовали десять микросателлитных ДНК-маркеров. Установлено, что показатель общего содержания жиров в ядре плодов (масличность) варьирует в пределах 67,54-77,85 %. Наиболее высокомасличными (&gt;75 %) являются сорт ‘Родина’ и элитные формы ‘Славянин’, ‘Щедрый’, ‘Сатурн’, ‘Венгерский’, ‘Изящный’ и ‘Конкистадор’ (около 75 %). По содержанию полиненасыщенных жирных кислот в масле выделились сорт ‘Пелан’ (79,72 %), элитные формы ‘Славянин’ (75,59 %), ‘Сатурн’ (75,60 %) и ‘Топаз’ (77,46 %). Также ценность по данному признаку представляют сорта ‘Заря Востока’ (73,97 %), ‘Урожайный’ (74,44 %) и ‘Дачный’ (74,78 %) и элитные формы ‘Изящный’ (72,29 %), ‘Масленичный’ (72,47 %), ‘Южанин’ (71,80 %) и ‘Венгерский’ (71,79 %). Образцы ‘Изящный’, ‘Конкистадор’, ‘Дачный’ и ‘Славянин’ обладают наиболее оптимальным соотношением Омега-6 (линолевая кислота)/Омега-3 (альфа-линоленовая кислота) (в пределах 3/1-4/1). Анализ генетического разнообразия установил среднее число аллелей на локус равное 6,700, а среднее число эффективных аллелей на локус – 4,116, что свидетельствует об относительно высоком уровне генетического разнообразия. В соответствии с результатами анализа генетических взаимосвязей изученной выборки, было установлено наличие двух групп наибольшего генетического сходства, что согласуется с происхождением образцов. В выявленных группах наибольшего генетического сходства выделены образцы, обладающие как отдельными хозяйственно-ценными признаками, так и их комплексами. Предложены перспективные для селекционных скрещиваний пары образцов. К наиболее ценным для селекции образцам отнесены ‘Сатурн’, ‘Пелан’, ‘Урожайный’, ‘Заря Востока’ и ‘Щедрый’ (группа № 1), а также ‘Славянин’, ‘Родина’, ‘Дачный’, ‘Изящный’ и ‘Конкистадор’ (группа № 2).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of studying the fatty acid composition of fruits in 23 walnut cultivars and elite forms from the gene pool at the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making as well as their genetic relationships based on microsatellite genotyping. The total fat and the content of individual polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fatty acids in the fruits were determined. Ten microsatellite DNA markers were used to analyze genetic diversity. The total fat content in the fruit kernel (oil content) was found to vary within the range of 67.54–77.85 %. The Rodina cultivar (&gt;75 %) and the elite forms Slavyanin, Shchedry, Saturn, Vengersky, Izyashny, and Konkistador (about 75%) have the highest oil content. In terms of the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the oil, the cultivar Pelan (79.72 %) and the elite forms Slavyanin (75.59 %), Saturn (75.60 %), Topaz (77.46 %) stand apart. The cultivars Zarya Vostoka (73.97 %), Urozhainy (74.44 %), and Dachny (74.78 %), as well as the elite forms Izyashny (72.29 %), Maslenichny (72.47 %), Yuzhanin (71.80 %), and Vengersky (71.79 %) are also valuable in this respect. The samples Izyashny, Konkistador, Dachny, and Slavyanin have the most optimal Omega-6 (linoleic acid) to Omega-3 (alpha-linolenic acid) ratio (within the range of 3/1–4/1). Genetic diversity analysis determined the average number of alleles per locus to be 6.700, and the average effective number of alleles per locus to be 4.116, which indicates a relatively high level of genetic diversity. According to the results of genetic relationship analysis of the studied sample, two groups with the greatest genetic similarity were identified. These findings are consistent with the origin of the samples. In the identified groups of the strongest genetic similarity, samples possessing both individual economic traits and their complexes were selected. Pairs of samples promising for selective breeding were proposed. The most valuable samples for breeding include Saturn, Pelan, Urozhainy, Zarya Vostoka, and Shchedry (group № 1) as well as Slavyanin, Rodina, Dachny, Izyashny, and Konkistador (group № 2).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Juglans regia L.</kwd><kwd>орех грецкий</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>масличность</kwd><kwd>жирнокислотный состав</kwd><kwd>генетические взаимосвязи</kwd><kwd>SSR-маркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Juglans regia L.</kwd><kwd>walnut</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>oil content</kwd><kwd>fatty acid composition</kwd><kwd>genetic relationships</kwd><kwd>SSR markers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Кубанского научного фонда в рамках научного проекта № МПИ-24.1/14.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research is carried out with the financial support of the Kuban Science Foundation in the frame-work of the scientific project № MPI-24.1/14.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Binici H. 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