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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2025-4-15-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-1414</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Селекционная оценка основных экономически значимых признаков маслины европейской (Olea europaea L.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Breeding assessment of the main economic traits of the olive (Olea europaea L.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1678-014X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цюпка</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsiupka</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цюпка С. Ю. – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория южных плодовых и орехоплодных культур</p><p>ул. Никитский Спуск, 52, пгт. Никита, г. Ялта, 298648</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tsiupka S. Yu., PhD (Agric.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Southern Fruit and Nut Crops</p><p>52, Spusk Nikitsky str., Nikita, Yalta, 298648</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsupkanbg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-4031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Месяц</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mesyats</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Месяц Н. В. – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория южных плодовых и орехоплодных культур</p><p>Ялта</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mesyats N. V., PhD (Agric.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Southern Fruit and Nut Crops</p><p>Yalta</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4079-2418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синченко А. В. – младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория Курчатовский геномный центр – НБС-ННЦ</p><p>Ялта</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sinchenko A. V., Junior Researcher, Kurchatov Genome Center – NBS-NSC</p><p>Yalta</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-0210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цюпка</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsiupka</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цюпка В. А. – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория Курчатовский геномный центр – НБС-ННЦ</p><p>Ялта</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tsiupka V. A., PhD (Biol.), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of the Kurchatov Genome Center – NBS-NSC</p><p>Yalta</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Science Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1414">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1414</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен комплексный анализ 40 сортов и гибридных форм маслины селекции и интродукции Никитского ботанического сада по урожайности, содержанию масла в плодах, массе плода, соотношению мякоти и косточки, морозоустойчивости и срокам наступления основных фенофаз. Увеличение площади выращивания оливок в Средиземноморском регионе, а также за пределами традиционных районов возделывания данной культуры в значительной степени обусловлено ростом потребления оливкового масла и мотивирует производителей наращивать объемы производства плодов. Целью исследований было выявление новых генетических источников для селекции и выделение кандидатов в новые сорта. Работа выполнялась в 2022-2024 гг. на растениях ex situ коллекции НБС-ННЦ. В качестве стандарта в оценке феноритмики и компонентов продуктивности использовали итальянский сорт ‘Corregiolo’ и районированный сорт селекции НБС-ННЦ ‘Никитская Крупноплодная’. Результаты выявили большую фенотипическую изменчивость морфометрических, биохимических и физиологических признаков. С помощью кластерного анализа методом k-means проведена систематизация генотипов по группам. По отдельным селекционно-значимым признакам выделены: по крупноплодности – ‘Никитская Крупноплодная’, ‘Тифлисская’, ‘Ascolano’, ‘Santa Caterina’, ‘Толгомская’, ‘Otur’, ‘Манита’, ‘Крымчанка’, ‘Никитская Жемчужина’, ‘Таврида’; с высокой урожайностью – ‘Corregiolo’, ‘Никитская Крупноплодная’, ‘Otur’, ‘Тифлисская’, ‘Эллада’, ‘Никитская’, ‘Таврида’, ‘Крымчанка’, ‘Обильная’, ‘Агатовая’, ‘Никитская Жемчужина’; с высоким содержанием масла в плодах – ‘Corregiolo’, ‘Никитская Крупноплодная’, ‘Никитская’, ‘Razzo’, ‘Otur’, ‘Приморская’, ‘Колхозница’; с хорошим соотношением мякоти и косточки – ‘Piangente’, ‘Santa Caterina’, ‘Толгомская’, ‘Эллада’, ‘Консервная’ и ‘Обильная’; с повышенной морозостойкостью – ‘Тоссийская’, ‘Ранняя’, ‘Таврида’, ‘Эллада’, ‘Универсальная’, ‘Крымчанка’; с ранним цветением – ‘Ломашенская’, ‘Pulazeqin’, ‘Tlemcen’, ‘Otur’, ‘Никитская Крупноплодная’, ‘Тифлисская’; ‘Универсальная’, ‘Изящная’, ‘Юбилейная’, ‘Ранняя’, ‘Консервная’, ‘Никитская Жемчужина’; с ранним созреванием плодов – ‘Dalmatica’, ‘Kalinjot’, ‘Никитская’, ‘Универсальная’, ‘Изящная’, ‘Юбилейная’, ‘Октябрьская’, ‘Ранняя’, ‘Приморская’, ‘Консервная’, ‘Обильная’, ‘Крымчанка’, ‘Никитская Жемчужина’, ‘Таврида’, ‘Манита’, ‘Эллада’. Группировка сортов по комплексу основных хозяйственно-ценных и экономически значимых признаков в сравнении с модельным сортом проведена с помощью иерархической кластеризации. Наибольшую близость к модельному сорту показали следующие генотипы: ‘Тоссийская’, ‘Тифлисская’, ‘Никитская Крупноплодная’, ‘Otur’, ‘Никитская’, ‘Эллада’, ‘Манита’, ‘Таврида’, ‘Никитская Жемчужина’, ‘Крымчанка’, ‘Агатовая’, ‘Обильная’.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a comprehensive analysis of 40 olive cultivars and hybrid forms bred and introduced by the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. The study examines their yield, oil content in fruits, fruit weight, flesh-to-pit ratio, frost resistance, and timing of the onset of the main phenological phases. The increase in the olive cultivation area in the Mediterranean region as well as beyond the traditional olive production areas is largely driven by the growth of olive oil consumption. This motivates producers to increase olive fruit production. The research aims to identify new genetic sources for breeding and to identify candidates for new cultivars. The study was undertaken in 2022–2024 on ex situ plants of the NBG-NSC collection. The Italian cultivar Corregiolo and the cultivar Nikitskaya Krupnoplodnaya adapted through NBG-NSC breeding were used as a standard in assessing the phenorhythmics and productivity components. The results revealed significant phenotypic variability in morphometric, biochemical, and physiological traits. Using k-means clustering, we categorized genotypes into groups which were identified based on individual traits significant for breeding. These traits are as follows: large fruit size (Nikitskaya Krupnoplodnaya, Tiflisskaya, Ascolano, Santa Caterina, Tolgomskaya, Otur, Manita, Krymchanka, Nikitskaya Zhemchuzhina, Tavrida); high yield (Corregiolo, Nikitskaya Krupnoplodnaya, Nikitskaya, Otur, Tifl isskaya, Ellada, Tavrida, Krymchanka, Agatovaya, Obilnaya, Nikitskaya Zhemchuzhina); high oil content in fruits (Corregiolo, Nikitskaya Krupnoplodnaya, Nikitskaya, Razzo, Otur, Primorskaya, Kolkhoznitsa); a good flesh-to-pit ratio (Piangente, Santa Caterina, Tolgomskaya, Ellada, Konservnaya, and Obilnaya); increased frost resistance (Tossiyskaya, Rannyaya, Tavrida, Ellada, Universalnaya, Krymchanka); early flowering (Lomashenskaya, Pulazeqin, Otur, Nikitskaya Krupnoplodnaya, Tiflisskaya, Tlemcen, Universalnaya, Izyashnaya, Yubileynaya, Rannyaya, Konservnaya, Nikitskaya Zhemchuzhina); early fruit ripening (Dalmatica, Kalinjot, Nikitskaya, Universalnaya, Izyashnaya, Yubileynaya, Oktyabrskaya, Rannyaya, Primorskaya, Konservnaya, Obilnaya, Krymchanka, Nikitskaya Zhemchuzhina, Tavrida, Manita, Ellada). The cultivars were grouped according to a set of the major economic traits in comparison with the cultivar model using hierarchical clustering. The Tossiyskaya, Nikitskaya, Tiflisskaya, Nikitskaya Krupnoplodnaya, Otur, Manita, Ellada, Tavrida, Nikitskaya Zhemchuzhina, Krymchanka, Agatovaya, Obilnaya genotypes showed the closest similarity to the cultivar model.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>маслина</kwd><kwd>фенотипирование</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>урожайность</kwd><kwd>масличность</kwd><kwd>крупноплодность</kwd><kwd>фенофазы</kwd><kwd>морозостойкость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>olive</kwd><kwd>phenotyping</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd><kwd>oil content</kwd><kwd>large fruit size</kwd><kwd>phenophases</kwd><kwd>frost resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет средств гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-26-00139, https://rscf.ru/project/24-26-00139/» на базе Уникальной научной установки «ФИТОБИОГЕН» и ЦКП «Физиолого-биохимические методы исследования растительных объектов».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out at the expense of the Russian Science Foundation grant № 24-26-00139, https://rscf.ru/project/24-26-00139/ on the basis of the Unique Scientific Facility «FITOBIOGEN».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez J. 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