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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2025-4-51-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-1418</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Навигация роботизированных платформ в промышленном садоводстве: сравнительный анализ трансформерных моделей семантической сегментации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Navigation of robotic platforms in commercial horticulture: a comparative analysis of transformers for semantic segmentation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7643-775X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырёв</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутырев А. И. − кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>1-й Институтский проезд, д. 5, Москва, 109428</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kutyrev A. I., PhD (Tech.), Leading Researcher</p><p>5, 1st Institute Passage, Moscow, 109428</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeykutyrev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-7697</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андриянов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andriyanov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андриянов Н. А. – кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andriyanov N. A., PhD (Tech.), Leading Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1418">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1418</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены результаты исследований по применению методов глубокого обучения на основе моделей SegFormer для семантической сегментации изображений и автономной навигации роботизированных платформ в рядах садовых насаждений. Проведено сравнение различных версий моделей SegFormer, предобученных на наборах данных ADE20K и CityScapes, показывающих разницу в точности до 4-7 % и отличающихся количеством классов и количеством параметров моделей (от 3,7 млн для B0 до 82 млн для B5). Для трансферного обучения (Transfer learning) моделей подготовлен и размечен набор данных, датасет включает 1200 изображений рядов садовых насаждений с разметкой шести классов объектов (класс «Tree» – деревья яблони) высотой ≥1,5 м, класс «Near-Trunk» – приствольные зоны радиусом 0,5 м, класс «Pole» – опорные конструкции высотой ≥2 м, класс «Sky» – область неба, включая облака, класс «Track» – междурядья, шириной 3 м, класс «Background» – окружающая среда, прочие объекты заднего фона) в среде Robofl ow. Для расширения датасета и улучшения качества моделей проведена аугментация данных (вращение изображений, коррекция яркости). Эксперименты показали, что увеличение размерности скрытых слоев в моделях SegFormer B0-B5 улучшает извлечение признаков из изображений, коррелируя с ростом метрик семантической сегментации. Сравнительный анализ 12 версий моделей SegFormer (B0-B5) выявил оптимальное    соотношение точности и производительности: модель SegFormer версии B4 достигает максимальной точности (Val Dice=0,7927), рекомендуется для задач высокодетализированного картографирования, тогда как модель SegFormer версии B0 обеспечивает наивысшую скорость обработки (1,52 FPS), применима для навигации в реальном времени. Разработанный алгоритм построения траектории на основе кластеризации DBSCAN и аппроксимации RANSAC показал высокую эффективность в устранении шумов сегментации и генерации маршрутов движения, что позволяет роботизированным платформам адаптироваться к динамическим условиям, включая изменения геометрии рядов и фоновых помех. Использование разработанного алгоритма позволит повысить точность позиционирования и снизить зависимость роботизированных платформ от дорогостоящих мультисенсорных систем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of research on the use of deep learning methods based on SegFormer models for semantic image segmentation and autonomous navigation of robotic platforms in rows of orchard plantings. The study compared different versions of SegFormer models pretrained on ADE20K and CityScapes. The data sets show a difference in accuracy of up to 4–7 % and diff er in the number of classes and the number of model parameters (from 3.7 million for B0 to 82 million for B5). For transfer learning of the models, a dataset was prepared and labeled. The dataset consisted of 1200 images of rows of orchard plantings with annotations for six classes of objects. These included the class Tree (apple trees with a height of ≥1.5 m), the class Near-Trunk (zones around the trunk, with a radius of 0.5 m), the class Pole (support structures with a height of ≥2 m), the class Sky (the sky area, including clouds), the class Track (row spacing, 3 m wide), and the class Background (the surrounding environment, other background objects) in Robofl ow. To expand the dataset and improve the quality of the models, we performed data augmentation (image rotation, brightness correction). The experiments showed that increasing the dimensionality of hidden layers in the SegFormer B0–B5 models enhanced feature extraction from images, correlating with the growth metrics for semantic segmentation. The comparative analysis of 12 versions of SegFormer models (B0–B5) identifi ed the optimal ratio between accuracy and performance. For instance, the B4 SegFormer version achieves the highest accuracy (Val Dice=0.7927) and is recommended for high-detail mapping tasks. The B0 SegFormer version ensures the highest processing speed (1.52 FPS) and is applicable for real-time navigation. The designed trajectory construction algorithm based on DBSCAN clustering and RANSAC approximation showed high efficiency in eliminating noise in segmentation and generating movement routes. Thus, robotic platforms are enabled to adapt to dynamic conditions, including changes in row geometry and background interference. The developed algorithm will improve positioning accuracy and reduce the dependence of robotic platforms on expensive multisensor systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автономная навигация</kwd><kwd>роботизированная платформа</kwd><kwd>промышленный сад</kwd><kwd>траектория движения</kwd><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>семантическая сегментация</kwd><kwd>трансформерные модели</kwd><kwd>трансферное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autonomous navigation</kwd><kwd>robotic platform</kwd><kwd>commercial orchard</kwd><kwd>movement trajectory</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>semantic segmentation</kwd><kwd>transformer models</kwd><kwd>transfer learning</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ ФНАЦ ВИМ, тема № FGUN-2025-0011 «Разработать инновационные технологии и технические средства для автоматизации и роботизации процессов в садоводстве и питомниководстве».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the FSAC VIM, topic № FGUN-2025-0011 «Develop innovative technologies and technical means for automation and robotization of processes in horticulture and nursery production».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nijak M., Skrzypczyński P., Ćwia K., Zawada M., Szymczyk S., Wojciechowski J. 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