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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2025-5-14-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-1436</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОХИМИЯ, ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ И АГРОЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE AND AGROECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние микробиологического удобрения на основе консорциума микроорганизмов на режим питания и урожайность яблони в интенсивном саду</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of a microorganism consortium-based fertilizer on the nutrition regime and yield of apple trees in an intensive orchard</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-0085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузин Андрей Иванович, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Интернациональная, 101, Тамбовская область, г. Мичуринск, 393760</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Agric.), Leading Researcher</p><p>101, Internatsionalnaya str., Tambov oblast, Michurinsk, 393760</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.kuzin1967@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпухина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpukhina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Мичуринск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p><p>Michurinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Мичуринск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p><p>Michurinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмакова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmakova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Мичуринск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p><p>Michurinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Мичуринский государственный аграрный университет; Федеральный научный центр им. И. В. Мичурина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Michurinsky State Agrarian University; Federal Scientifi c Center named after I.V. Michurin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1436">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1436</self-uri><abstract><p>Интенсивное садоводство предполагает внесение высоких норм минеральных удобрений для поддержания требуемой урожайности и продуктивности насаждений. Регулярное внесение высоких доз минеральных удобрений может оказать негативное влияние на свойства почвы. Одним из возможных путей снижения отрицательного воздействия на почву может быть использование микробиологических удобрений, которые способны увеличивать содержание доступных элементов питания. Микробный консорциум (МК), изученный в нашем эксперименте, представляет собой комбинацию из нескольких видов бактерий и дрожжей. Подобные продукты достаточно успешно применяются в сельском хозяйстве. Цель исследований: изучение эффективности МК в интенсивном саду яблони при фертигации как при однофакторном внесении, так и в комбинациях с пониженными дозами минеральных удобрений при совместном и при раздельном применении. В ходе исследований, проведенных в 2022-2024 гг., изучали содержание основных элементов питания в почве и листьях, а также урожайность яблони. На содержание легкогидролизуемого азота в почве наибольшее влияние оказало однофакторное внесение МК (15 л/га) (160,0-262,2 мг/кг, в 2024 г. содержание азота в почве было заметно ниже, чем в 2022-2023 гг., но в данном варианте оно было максимальным) и раздельное внесение с минеральными удобрениями МК (9 л/га) + N9,8Р5,4К18,0 (148,3-218,8 мг/кг). Содержание подвижного фосфора в почве во всех вариантах с внесением МК в различных комбинациях (159,9-287,9 мг/кг) было на уровне варианта с внесением максимальной нормы минеральных удобрений (135,7-303,8 мг/кг). Максимальное содержание обменного калия в почве наблюдали при раздельном внесении МК+N9,8Р5,4К18,0 (194,0-203,0 мг/кг). Применение МК способствовало увеличению рН почвы (с 5,21 до 5,87 ед. рН) при однофакторном внесении. Наиболее высокое содержание общего азота в листьях было при внесении максимальной нормы минеральных удобрений (1,93 % сухого вещества (с.в.)), а однофакторное применение МК (1,84 % с.в.) способствовало содержанию нутриента на этом же уровне в пределах ошибки опыта. На содержание фосфора в листьях более заметное влияние оказало внесение минеральных удобрений (0,27-0,32 % с.в.), хотя в отдельные годы и применение МК также способствовало увеличению концентрации нутриента. Содержание калия в листьях при однофакторном внесении МК (1,26-1,99 % с.в.) было выше, чем при применении полной нормы минеральных удобрений (1,15-1,65 % с.в.), а использование раздельно МК + N9,8Р5,4К18,0 способствовало содержанию калия на этом же уровне (1,12-1,76 % с.в.). Максимальная суммарная урожайность (33,5 т/га) была получена при однофакторном внесении МК, при раздельном внесении МК + N9,8Р5,4К18,0 продуктивность (30,5 т/га) не имела существенных различий с вариантом, где использовали полную норму минерального удобрения (31,9 т/га). Наиболее высокий эффект от использования МК был получен в вариантах с однофакторным внесением и при применении отдельно от минеральных удобрений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intensive horticulture implies the use of mineral fertilizers to maintain the desired yield and productivity of crops. Regular application of mineral fertilizers in high doses may have a detrimental impact on soil properties. This problem can be mitigated using microbiological fertilizers, capable of increasing the content of available nutrients. In this work, we investigate the possibility of applying a formulation based a microbial consortium (MC) of several species of bacteria and yeast. Today, such formulations are widely and successfully used in agriculture. Our aim was to study the eff ectiveness of MC for fertigation in an intensive apple orchard. The fertigation modes were the single-factor application of MC and its combination with reduced doses of mineral fertilizers, both separately and in combination. The research was conducted in 2022-2024; the contents of essential nutrients in the soil and leaves, as well as the apple tree yield, were studied. The single- factor application of MC (15 L/ha) and its separate application (9 L/ha) with mineral fertilizers N9.8P5.4K18.0 had the greatest eff ect on the content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil. In the former case (MC only), the nitrogen content of 160.0–262.2 mg/kg was achieved (in 2024, the nitrogen content in the soil was noticeably lower than in 2022–2023, although being maximal in this variant). In the latter case (MC + mineral fertilizers), the content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen was 148.3–218.8 mg/kg. The content of mobile phosphorus in the soil in all variants with the application of MС in various combinations (159.9–287.9 mg/kg) was equal to that in the variant with the application of the maximum rate of mineral fertilizers (135.7–303.8 mg/kg). The maximum content of exchangeable potassium in the soil was observed under a separate application of MC + N9.8P5.4K18.0 (194.0–203.0 mg/kg). The use of MC contributed to an increase in soil pH (from 5.21 to 5.87 pH units) under its single-factor application. The highest content of total nitrogen in the leaves was observed with the application of the maximum rate of mineral fertilizers (1.93 % dry matter), while the single-factor application of MC (1.84% dry matter) led to the same level of the nutrient within the limits of experimental error. The phosphorus content in leaves depended signifi cantly on the application of mineral fertilizers (0.27–0.32 % dry matter), although the use of MC also contributed to an increase in the phosphorus concentration in some years. The potassium content in leaves under a single-factor application of MC (1.26–1.99 % dry matter) was higher than with the use of the maximum rate of mineral fertilizers (1.15–1.65 % dry matter), while the separate use of MC + N9.8P5.4K18.0 contributed to the potassium content at the same level (1.12–1.76 % dry matter). The maximum total yield (33.5 t/ha) was obtained with a single-factor application of MC. The separate application of MC + N9.8P5.4K18.0 did not lead to a signifi cant increase in the yield (30.5 t/ha) compared to the variant where the maximum rate of mineral fertilizers was used (31.9 t/ha). The greatest eff ect of MC use was observed during its single-factor application and when applied separately from mineral fertilizers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яблоня</kwd><kwd>микробный консорциум</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd><kwd>листья</kwd><kwd>азот</kwd><kwd>фосфор</kwd><kwd>калий</kwd><kwd>рН почвы</kwd><kwd>урожайность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apple tree</kwd><kwd>microbial consortium</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>leaves</kwd><kwd>nitrogen</kwd><kwd>phosphorus</kwd><kwd>potassium</kwd><kwd>soil pH</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 25-16-20119, https://rscf. ru/project/25-16-20119/). Исследования проводились с использованием научного оборудования ЦКП Мичуринско- го ГАУ «Селекция сельскохозяйственных культур и технологии производства, хранения и переработки продуктов питания функционального и лечебно-профилактического назначения».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 25-16-20119, https://rscf.ru/project/25-16-20119/). The research was conducted using the scientifi c equipment of the Collective Use Сenter of Michurinsk State Agrarian University «Selection of Agricultural Crops and Technologies for the Production, Storage, and Processing of Functional and Preventive Food Products».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang T., Xu J., Chen J., Liu P., Hou X., Yang L., Zhang L. 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