vstispСадоводство и виноградарствоHorticulture and viticulture0235-25912618-9003Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»10.31676/0235-2591-2026-1-5-14vstisp-1481Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВОGENETICS, BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTIONАллельный полиморфизм гена самонесовместимости при опылении у сортов абрикоса автохтонного дагестанского происхожденияAllelic polymorphism of the self-incompatibility gene in indigenous apricot cultivars from Dagestanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-8395СупрунИ. И.SuprunI. I.

Супрун Иван Иванович – кандидат биологических наук, заведующий функциональным научным центром «Селекции и питомниководства»

ул. 40 лет Победы, 39, г. Краснодар, 350901

Ivan I. Suprun, PhD (Biol.), Head of the Functional Scientific Center «Breeding and nursery»

9, 40 years of Victory, str., Krasnodar, 350901

supruni@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-300XСтепановИ. В.StepanovI. V.

младший научный сотрудник селекционно-биотехнологической лаборатории

Краснодар

Junior Researcher at the Selection and Biotechnology laboratory

Krasnodar

АнатовД. М.AnatovD. M.

кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией комплексных исследований природных ресурсов Западно-Каспийского региона

Махачкала

PhD (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of comprehensive studies of natural resources of the Western Caspian region

Makhachkala

Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделияРоссияNorth Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-makingRussian FederationДагестанский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Горный ботанический сад – обособленное подразделение ДФИЦ РАНРоссияDagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mountain Botanical Garden – a separate division of the DFRC RASRussian Federation20261302202601514Copyright © Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 20262026Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1481

Абрикос обыкновенный является перекрестноопыляемой культурой, востребованной в садоводстве. Механизм самонесовместимости при опылении у абрикоса (Prunus armeniaca L.) генетически обусловлен действием S-локуса, включающего S-ген и SFB-ген. Сведения об аллельном составе S-гена имеют важное значение при подборе сортов-опылителей и выявлении самоплодных форм, что способствует повышению продуктивности садовых насаждений. Также изучение полиморфизма S-гена позволяет лучше понять генетические взаимоотношения между локальными генофондами. К одному из наиболее перспективных регионов России для возделывания абрикоса можно отнести Республику Дагестан, что актуализирует генетические исследования местных сортов. В данной работе был проведен анализ аллельного состава S-гена для 32 автохтонных сортов из Дагестана, исходя из полиморфизма двух интронов гена. Для 12 сортов выявлены две аллели гена, у 14 сортов идентифицирована только одна из аллелей, у шести сортов ПЦР-продукты не были отнесены ни к одной из ранее установленных аллелей. Cорта с установленными двумя аллелями гена были распределены по группам самонесовместимости при опылении. Определение группы самонесовместимости для сортов позволяет осуществлять на практике подбор оптимальных комбинаций сортов-опылителей при закладке садовых насаждений. Знание о совместимости сортов необходимо при подборе сортов для скрещивания в рамках выполнения селекционных программ. Было установлено, что среди дагестанских сортов распространены аллели S11, S12, S2, S8. Аллель SC, определяющая самоплодность у абрикоса, была обнаружена у трех сортов: ‘Салта 9’, ‘Сеянец Бухары №2’, ‘Камха 2’. Аллели S11, S12, S8 также распространены среди абрикосов из Армении и восточной части Турции, в связи с чем было сделано предположение об их родстве с дагестанскими сортами. Таким образом, выполненное исследование позволило расширить знания о генетическом разнообразии S-гена абрикоса и определить характерные особенности локальной дагестанской генплазмы по данному локусу.

Common apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a cross-pollinated crop of significant horticultural value. The self-incompatibility mechanism in apricot pollination is genetically determined by the S-locus, which includes the S-gene and SFB-gene. Information on the allelic composition of the S-gene is crucial for selecting pollinizer cultivars and identifying self-compatible forms, thereby contributing to increased orchard productivity. Furthermore, studying S-gene polymorphism provides deeper insight into the genetic relationships among local gene pools. As one of Russia’s most promising regions for apricot cultivation, the Republic of Dagestan represents a key area for genetic research on indigenous cultivars. This study analyzed the allelic composition of the S-gene in 32 indigenous cultivars from Dagestan based on the polymorphism of two gene introns. Two gene alleles were identified in 12 cultivars, while only one allele was detected in 14 cultivars. For the remaining six cultivars, the PCR products could not be assigned to any previously known alleles. Cultivars with two identified alleles were classified into self-incompatibility groups. Determining the self-incompatibility group for cultivars enables the practical selection of optimal pollinizer combinations when establishing orchards. Moreover, knowledge of cultivar compatibility is essential for selecting parental pairs in breeding programs. We identified S11, S12, S2, and S8 as the most frequent alleles in the Dagestan germplasm. The self-compatibility Sc allele was detected in only three cultivars: Salta 9, Seyanets Bukhary No. 2, and Kamkha 2. In addition, alleles S11, S12, and S8 are prevalent among apricots from Armenia and eastern Turkey, supporting the hypothesis of their relatedness to Dagestan cultivars. Thus, this study enhances knowledge of the genetic diversity of the apricot S-gene and defines the characteristic features of the local Dagestan gene germplasm regarding this locus.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.