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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2026-4-48-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-1561</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ХРАНЕНИЯ И ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ПРОДУКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние различных уровней кислорода на жизнедеятельность и качество плодов яблони при хранении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of different oxygen levels on the metabolic activity and quality of apple fruits during storage</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7465-7723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудковский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudkovsky</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гудковский Владимир Александрович, академик РАН, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, руководитель научно-консультационного центра по хранению плодов, ягод и винограда,</p><p>ул. Мичурина, 30, г. Мичуринск, Тамбовская обл., 393774.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gudkovsky V. A., Academician of RAS, Dr. Sci. (Agric.), Head of the Scientific and Consulting Center for the Storage of Fruits, Berries and Grapes, </p><p>30, Michurina str., Michurinsk, Tambov Region, 393774.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">microlab-05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2833-1965</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кожина Л. В., кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник научно-консультационного центра по хранению плодов, ягод и винограда, </p><p>ул. Мичурина, 30, г. Мичуринск, Тамбовская обл., 393774.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kozhina L. V., PhD (Agric.), Leading Researcher, Scientific and Consulting Center for the Storage of Fruits, Berries and Grapes, </p><p>30, Michurina str., Michurinsk, Tambov Region, 393774.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4467-1434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутормина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutormina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сутормина А. В., кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-консультационного центра по хранению плодов, ягод и винограда,</p><p>ул. Мичурина, 30, г. Мичуринск, Тамбовская обл., 393774.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sutormina A. V., PhD (Agric.), Senior Researcher, Scientific and Consulting Center for the Storage of Fruits, Berries and Grapes, </p><p>30, Michurina str., Michurinsk, Tambov Region, 393774.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1259-0594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назаров Ю. Б., кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-консультационного центра по хранению плодов, ягод и винограда, </p><p>ул. Мичурина, 30, г. Мичуринск, Тамбовская обл., 393774.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nazarov Yu. B., PhD (Agric.), Senior Researcher, Scientific and Consulting Center for the Storage of Fruits, Berries and Grapes, </p><p>30, Michurina str., Michurinsk, Tambov Region, 393774.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр имени И. В. Мичурина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1561">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/1561</self-uri><abstract><p>Кислород один из важнейших регуляторов метаболических процессов в плодах яблони при хранении. Снижение концентрации кислорода в атмосфере хранения плодов яблони до минимально допустимого уровня, не вызывающего нарушения обменных процессов, но максимально ингибирующего их жизнедеятельность, вызывает наибольший интерес в условиях постоянного повышения потребительских требований к качеству и экологической безопасности продукции. Целью данного исследования было выявить влияние уровня О2 в атмосфере хранения на физиологическое состояние, качество и лежкоспособность плодов яблони различных сортов. Для исследования, проведенного в 2023-2024 гг., были выбраны плоды яблони пяти коммерческих сортов (‘Гала’, ‘Гренни Смит’, ‘Джеромин’, ‘Ред Делишес’ и ‘Фуджи’), выращенных в условиях СКФО (Ставропольский край, ООО Плодообъединение «Сады Ставрополья»). Плоды каждого сорта хранились в течение 8 месяцев при одинаковой температуре (+1 °С) с использованием трех технологий с различным содержанием О2: обычная атмосфера (ОА) О2 21,0 %, СО2 0,03 %; регулируемая атмосфера с ультранизким содержанием кислорода (УЛО) О2 1,2±0,1 %, СО2 1,0±0,1 %; динамичная регулируемая атмосфера (ДРА) О2 &lt;0,8 % (в зависимости от сорта), СО2 0,8±0,1 %. Установлено, что по итогам 8 месяцев хранения концентрация кислорода в атмосфере повлияла на физиологическое состояние и биохимические показатели (содержание эндогенного этилена, продуктов окисления α-фарнезена КТ281, твердость, содержание сухих растворимых веществ, титруемую кислотность, развитие физиологических и грибных заболеваний) плодов всех изучаемых сортов. Выявлено, что минимально допустимый уровень О2 в условиях ДРА позволяет значительно эффективнее контролировать многие физиологические заболевания плодов, сохранять их качество (твердость, сочность, вкус, аромат), чем условия УЛО и особенно ОА. Технология ДРА, основанная на поддержании предельно низкого, но безопасного для плодов уровня О2, приобретает особую важность для повышения эффективности и увеличения сроков хранения в условиях ограничения или отказа от химических послеуборочных обработок.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Oxygen serves as a critical regulator of metabolic processes in stored apple fruits. Reducing oxygen concentrations to the minimum permissible level—which prevents metabolic disorders while maximally suppressing metabolic activity—is of paramount interest driven by rising consumer demands for product quality and environmental safety. The present study aimed to determine the effect of atmospheric oxygen levels during storage on the physiological status, fruit quality, and storage potential of various apple cultivars. Conducted in 2023–2024, the study analyzed apple fruits of five commercial cultivars (Gala, Granny Smith, Jeromine, Red Delicious, and Fuji) grown in the North Caucasus Federal District (Stavropol Krai, Sady Stavropolya). Apple fruits of each cultivar were stored for eight months at a constant temperature of 1°C using three storage technologies with different oxygen levels: regular atmosphere (21.0% O2; 0.03% CO2); ultra-low-oxygen controlled atmosphere (1.2 ± 0.1% O2; 1.0 ± 0.1% CO2); dynamic controlled atmosphere (&lt; 0.8% O2 depending on the cultivar; 0.8 ± 0.1% CO2). After the eight-month storage period, the oxygen concentration was found to significantly affect the physiological status and biochemical parameters of all studied cultivars, including endogenous ethylene levels, α-farnesene oxidation products (CT281), flesh firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and the development of physiological disorders and fungal diseases. The minimum permissible oxygen level under a dynamic controlled atmosphere was found to enable significantly more effective control over numerous physiological disorders in fruits, while preserving their quality (flesh firmness, juiciness, flavor, and aroma), compared to an ultra-low-oxygen controlled atmosphere and especially a regular atmosphere. The dynamic controlled atmosphere storage, based on maintaining the lowest possible yet safe oxygen level for the fruit, is becoming of particular importance for enhancing storage efficiency and extending shelf life in the absence of, or with limited, postharvest chemical treatments.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоды яблони</kwd><kwd>хранение</kwd><kwd>уровень кислорода</kwd><kwd>ОА</kwd><kwd>УЛО</kwd><kwd>ДРА</kwd><kwd>качество</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apple fruits</kwd><kwd>storage</kwd><kwd>oxygen levels</kwd><kwd>regular atmosphere</kwd><kwd>ultra-low-oxygen controlled atmosphere</kwd><kwd>dynamic controlled atmosphere</kwd><kwd>quality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соболева Ю. И., Акупиян О. С. Яблочное садоводство: состояние и перспективы развития: Современные проблемы АПК и их решение. 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