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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2018-5-16-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-260</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Создание новых сортов колонновидной яблони для насаждений интенсивного типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creating new varieties of columnar apple trees for the plantations of the intensive type</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельева</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelyeva</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаб. генофонда </p><p>Aдрес для переписки: Савельева Наталья Николаевна  – ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр им. И. В. Мичурина», 393774, Россия, Тамбовская область, г. Мичуринск, ул. Мичурина, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Leader Research </p><p>Adress for correspondence: Savelyeva Natalia N. – V. Michurin Federal Scienti fi c Center, 393774, Russia, Tambov Region, Michurinsk, 30, Michurina str.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cglm@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юшков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yushkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, и. о. заведующего СГЦ – ВНИИГиСПР </p><p>г. Мичуринск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Agric.), Chief of Breeding and Genetical Center </p><p>Michurinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Земисов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemisov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, зав. лабораторией частной генетики и селекции </p><p>г. Мичуринск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Agric.), Chief of Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding </p><p>Michurinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чивилев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chivilev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, зав. лабораторией генофонда </p><p>г. Мичуринск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Agric.), Chief of Laboratory of Gene Pool </p><p>Michurinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лыжин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyzhin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории устойчивости и геномных технологий </p><p>г. Мичуринск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Agric.), Laboratory of Resistance and Gene Technologies </p><p>Michurinsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр им. И. В. Мичурина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/260">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/260</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена изучению проблемы совершенствования сортимента яблони путем создания новых колонновидных сортов, объединяющих в своем генотипе компактный габитус роста, высокую продуктивность, качество плодов, устойчивость к парше и неблагоприятным абиотическим факторам внешней среды. Исследования проведены в лаборатории частной генетики и селекции на базе гибридного фонда яблони Селекционно-генетического центра Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института генетики и селекции плодовых растений им. И. В. Мичурина Федерального научного центра им. И. В. Мичурина в 2008-2017 гг. В качестве биологических объектов исследований были использованы более 20 тыс. сеянцев, полученных в результате диаллельных и топкросс-скрещиваний сортов яблони народной и отечественной селекции, перспективных доноров и источников высокой зимостойкости, колонновидности, устойчивости к парше селекции селекционно-генетического центра Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института генетики и селекции плодовых растений им. И. В. Мичурина Федерального научного центра им. И. В. Мичурина и интродуцированных. Экспериментальные исследования базировались на методах наблюдения, применялся гибридологический анализ, моделирование стрессовых факторов и сравнение полученных данных с использованием генетико-статистических методов. При проведении гибридизации, выращивании и изучении гибридных сеянцев элитных форм и сортов использовались общепринятые методики селекции и сортоизучения. Получены новые высокопродуктивные (25-35 т/га), зимостойкие (-38… -40 ˚С), устойчивые к болезням, с высоким качеством плодов колонновидные сорта Готика, Гейзер, Стела, Стрела, Каскад, которые внесены в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию. Наибольшая экономическая эффективность отмечена у колонновидных сортов Каскад, Стрела, Гейзер. Прибыль с одного гектара при производстве плодов сорта Каскад составила 413,4 тыс. руб. при рентабельности в 248,7 %, что существенно превосходит уровень контрольных сортов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the study of the problem of improving the apple assortment by creating new columnar varieties that combine in their genotype compact growth habit, high productivity, fruit quality, scab resistance and resistance to adverse abiotic environmental factors. The researches were held in proper genetics and breeding lab on the base of apple hybrid fund in the Breeding and Genetical Centre aﬃliated to I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center in 2008-2017. More than 20 000 seedlings were used as biological objects of researches. The seedlings were obtained as a result of diallel crossings and topcross-crossings of old russian apple varieties of domestic origin, promising donors and sources of high winter resistance, columnar growth habit, and scab resistance, all of them were selected in the Breeding and genetic center of I. V. Michurin Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Crops and introduced. The experimental researches were based on methods of observations, as well as hybridologic analysis, modeling of stress-factors and comparison of the obtained data with the use of genetic &amp; statistical methods. During hybridization, cultivation and study of hybrid seedlings, elite forms and varieties, the conventional methods of breeding and variety were used. New highly productive (25-35 t/hectare), winter resistant (-38…-40 °C), disease resistant, with high fruit quality columnar apple varieties Gotica, Geyzer, Stela, Strela, Kaskad were included into the State register of breeding achievement admitted to use. The highest economical eﬃciency was marked in columnar varieties Kaskad, Strela, Geyzer. The pro fi t per hectare in production of Kaskad variety was 413,4 thousand rubles with its pro fi tability in 248,7 %, this fact signi fi cantly exceeds the level of reference varieties.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яблоня</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd><kwd>сорта</kwd><kwd>гибридные сеянцы</kwd><kwd>наследование</kwd><kwd>колонновидность</kwd><kwd>зимостойкость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apple</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>varieties</kwd><kwd>hybrid seedlings</kwd><kwd>inheritance</kwd><kwd>columnar habit</kwd><kwd>hardiness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Седов Е. Н. Селекция и новые сорта яблони. Орел, 2011. 624 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sedov E. N. Breeding and new apple varieties. Orel, 2011, 624 p. 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