vstispСадоводство и виноградарствоHorticulture and viticulture0235-25912618-9003Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»10.31676/0235-2591-2018-6-12-18vstisp-270Research ArticleФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRYСравнительный биохимический состав плодов яблони отечественных и зарубежных сортовComparative biochemical composition of apple fruits of domestic and foreign varietiesМотылеваС. М.MotylevaS. M.

к. с.-х. н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник

PhD (Agric.), Associate professor, Leader Research

vstisp@vstisp.orgБорисоваА. А.BorisovaA. A.

д. с.-х. н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник

Dr. Sci. (Agric.), professor, Chief Researcher

ФГБНУ «Всероссийский селекционно-технологический институт садоводства и питомниководства», г. МоскваРоссияAll-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, MoscowRussian Federation201819012019061218Copyright © Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 20192019Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/270

Целью исследования было сравнительное изучение биохимического состава плодов отечественных сортов и гибридов яблони, пригодных для ведения органического земледелия и не уступающих лучшим в мире по содержанию биологически активных соединений. Биохимический состав 13 сортов яблони различного географического происхождения изучен репрезентативными методами. Доказано, что антиоксидантная активность плодов яблони, произведённых в условиях Московской области, на 3-5 % выше, чем у импортных. Установлена взаимосвязь между антиоксидантной активностью водного экстрактa, полученного из свежих плодов, титруемой кислотностью (r = 0,58549) и содержанием аскорбиновой кислоты (r = 0,468335). Сорта Голден Делишес, Гренни Смит и Роял Гала не превосходят по содержанию важнейших биологически активных веществ новые сорта и гибриды селекции Всероссийского селекционнотехнологического института садоводства и питомниководства (ФГБНУ ВСТИСП). Галловой кислоты больше всего содержится в яблоках Гибрида 1 (0,075 мг/г) и сортов Антоновка Обыкновенная, Китайка Керр, Маяк Загорья, ПодарокГрафскому, МаратБусурин, ЛобоиРоялГала (в среднем 0,063 мг/г). ВяблокахГренниСмит и Голден Делишес содержание галловой кислоты в 1,3-2 раза ниже по сравнению с Гибридом 1. Содержание хлорогеновой кислоты в плодах в среднем на 25-45 % выше, чем галловой. Установлен порядок накопления элементов в плодах и их общее содержание. Выявлены различия состава углеводов в исследуемых плодах.

The aim of the study was a comparative study of the biochemical composition of the apple fruits of domestic varieties and hybrids, suitable for organic farming, not inferior to the best in the world in terms of content of biologically active compounds. The biochemical composition of 13 apple varieties of diff erent geographical origin was studied by representative methods. It is proved that the antioxidant activity of apples grown in the Moscow region is 3-5 % higher than the antioxidant activity of imported varieties. The relationship between the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract obtained from fresh fruits, titratable acidity (r = 0.58549) and ascorbic acid content (r = 0.468335) was established. The varieties Golden delicious, Granny Smith and Royal Gala are not superior to the content of the most important biologically active substances the new varieties and hybrids of All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. Gallic acid was most found in apples hybrid 1 (0.075 mg/g) and varieties Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Chinese Kerr, Mayak Zagorya, Podarok Grafskomy, Marat Busurin, Lobo and Royal Gala (average 0.063 mg/g). In apple varieties Granny Smith and Golden delicious, the content of gallic acid was 1.3-2 times less compared to a hybrid 1. The content of chlorogenic acid in fruits was on average 25-45 % more than the gallic. The order of accumulation of elements in fruits and their total content was established. Diff erences in the composition of carbohydrates in the studied fruits were revealed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.