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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2019-4-10-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-363</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетическое редактирование для улучшения плодовых и ягодных культур</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic editing for improvement of fruit and small fruit crops</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории постгеномных исследований</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biol.), Researcher, Laboratory of Postgenomic Research</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.g.tikhonova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлесткина</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlestkina</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, проф. РАН, врио директора</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor of RAS, Acting Director</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФИЦ «Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова» (ВИР)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/363">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/363</self-uri><abstract><p>Сегодня активно расширяется спектр культур, для изучения и улучшения которых применяются новейшие технологии генетического редактирования, в частности, системы CRISPR/Cas. Высокая точность, простота сборки и относительная дешевизна редактирующих конструкций позволила применить метод для исследований в самых разнообразных областях биологии. Представляемый систематический обзор обобщает мировой опыт редактирования генома плодовых и ягодных культур с помощью технологии CRISPR/Cas9 и рассматривает перспективу использования этого новейшего метода биотехнологии в интересах селекции. Для систематического обзора использовали один из наиболее авторитетных интернет-ресурсов, индексирующих рецензируемые научные публикации – базу данных Scopus. Путем систематического поиска научных публикаций для 37 видов плодовых и ягодных культур найдены 115 работ, в 26 из которых выявлено описание оригинальных исследований с использованием системы CRISPR/Cas на плодовых и ягодных культурах. В общей сложности отредактирован 21 ген-мишень у 8 культур. Часть исследований посвящено апробации метода или установлению/уточнению функций генов-мишеней путем их нокаута. В обзоре уделяется внимание работам, в которых редактирование генов-мишеней было направлено на улучшение свойств растений. Таких успешно редактированных генов-мишеней плодовых и ягодных растений к настоящему моменту насчитывается 12. Основной тип модификации – нокаут, который направлен на негативные регуляторы факторов устойчивости к патогенам или изменение морфологии растений. Модифицированные растения, в большинстве случаев, обладают заданными признаками, проверены на устойчивость к патогенам в лабораторных условиях. Обсуждается, насколько в дальнейшем смогут быть расширены рамки применения целевого мутагенеза для плодовых и ягодных культур.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Today the range of crops, which are studied and improved with the help of genetic editing technologies, in particular with CRISPR/Cas system, is actively expanding. High accuracy, ease of editing tools application and relative cheapness allow the use of this method in research in various fi elds of biology. The present systematic review summarizes the global experience of editing the genome of fruit and small fruit crops using the CRISPR/Cas9 tool and considers the prospect of using this newest biotechnological approach for crop improvement. The systematic review employed one of the most authoritative internet resources indexing the reviewed scientifi c publications, such as the Scopus database. By systematic search concerning 37 species of fruit and small fruit crops 115 publications were found, among which 26 described original research on CRISPR/Cas system application to fruit and small fruit crops. A total of 21 target genes have been edited in 8 crops. Some of the studies are consecrated to the approbation of the method or establishing/clarifying the functions of the target genes by their knockout. In the review we distinguished the publications describing application of gene editing tools for improving the properties of plants. By now 12 target genes have been successfully edited in fruit and small fruit plants. The main type of modifi cation is the knockout, which is aimed at negative regulators of the factors of resistance to pathogens or at changing the morphology of plants. In most cases the modifi ed plants have the desired characteristics and have been tested for resistance to pathogens by laboratory tests. It is discussed how much the target mutagenesis application to fruit and small fruit crops can be broadened in future.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>CRISPR/Cas</kwd><kwd>геномное редактирование</kwd><kwd>направленный мутагенез</kwd><kwd>негативные регуляторы</kwd><kwd>нокаут генов</kwd><kwd>плодовые культуры</kwd><kwd>растения</kwd><kwd>ягодные культуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CRISPR/Cas</kwd><kwd>genomic editing</kwd><kwd>targeted mutagenesis</kwd><kwd>negative regulators</kwd><kwd>gene knockout</kwd><kwd>fruit crops</kwd><kwd>plantes</kwd><kwd>small fruit crops</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Z., Wang S., Li D., Zhang Q., Li L., Zhong C., Liu Y., Huang H. (2018). Optimized paired-sgRNA/Cas9 cloning and expression cassette triggers high-eﬃciency multiplex genome editing in kiwifruit. 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