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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2019-4-37-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-367</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ И СПОСОБЫ ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ ОТ ВРЕДИТЕЛЕЙ И БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS AND WAYS OF PROTECTING PLANTS FROM DISEAS AND PESTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новая технология защиты плодов яблони от подкожной пятнистости и других физиологических заболеваний при хранении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New technology of protecting apple fruits from bitter pit and other physiological diseases during storage</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудковский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudkovsky</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, академик РАН, зав. отделом послеуборочных технологий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Agric.), academician of RAS, Head of Department of Post-harvest Technologies</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">microlab-05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhina</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Agric.), Leading Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балакирев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balakirev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Agric.), Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Agric.), Senior Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр им. И. В. Мичурина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. V. Michurin Federal Scientifi c Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/367">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/367</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа выполнена в Федеральном научном центре им. И. В. Мичурина в 2015-2018 гг. Использовали плоды сорта яблони Синап Орловский с высокой восприимчивостью к подкожной пятнистости, средней — к загару и СО2 ожогам кожицы. Основная послеуборочная стратегия защиты плодов от подкожной пятнистости (ПП) — хранение в регулируемой атмосфере (РА), краткосрочное низкокислородное хранение (10 дней, О2 &lt;1 %) снижает потери от загара и ПП, но не обеспечивает защиту от заболеваний сортов с высокой восприимчивостью. Послеуборочная обработка ингибитором биосинтеза этилена (1-МЦП) обеспечивает защиту от загара, но оказывает неоднозначное влияние на развитие ПП, может усиливать степень проявления заболевания. Цель исследований – разработка инновационной технологии управления подкожной пятнистостью и другими послеуборочными патологическими заболеваниями. В опыте использовали контрольные и обработанные 1-МЦП плоды, хранили при температуре 0… +1 0 С в условиях обычной (ОА), регулируемой атмосферы (РА): РА-1 (СО2 – 1,2-1,5 %, О2 – 1,2-1,5 %), РА-2 (СО2 &gt;&lt;0,1 %, О2 – 1,2-1,5 %), в условиях краткого (10 дней) послеуборочного воздействия управляемых факторов: температура 18-20 0 С, О2 – 1,2- 1,5 %, СО2 &gt;&lt; 0,1 % и дальнейшем хранении в обычной атмосфере (LО2 ). Определяли этилен, α-фарнезен и продукты его окисления (КТ281), фенольные соединения в плодах, оценивали потери от подкожной пятнистости, загара, СО2 повреждений кожицы, качество (твердость). Обработка 1-МЦП обеспечивала низкий уровень накопления в плодах этилена и КТ281, защиту от загара, сохранение твердости во всех вариантах хранения плодов, при максимальной эффективности вариантов РА-2, РА-1 и LО2 . Защиту плодов от подкожной пятнистости обеспечивала технология РА-2, существенное снижение потерь – LО2. При использовании технологии РА-2 исключались потери от СО2 повреждений кожицы, отмеченных в условиях РА-1. Максимальную эффективность защиты плодов от ПП, загара, СО2 повреждений обеспечивает разработанная технология РА-2 (СО2&lt;0,1 %, О2 – 1,2-1,5 %). </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The work was performed in the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientifi c Center (Tambov region, Russia) in 2015-2018. The fruits of Sinap Orlovsky variety with high susceptibility to bitter pit, medium – to superfi cial scald and CO2 -skin injuries were used. The main post-harvest strategy of protecting fruits from bitter pit (BP) is storage in a controlled atmosphere (CA), short-term low oxygen storage (10 days, O2&lt;1 %) reduces losses from scald and BP, but does not provide protection from diseases of varieties with high susceptibility; post-harvest treatment with ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor (1-MCP) provides protection from scald, but has an ambiguous effect on the development of BP, and may increase the degree of disease appearance. The purpose of the research is the development of innovative technology of managing of bitter pit and other post-harvest pathological diseases. In the experiment, the control and 1-MCP-treated fruits were stored at 0 + 1 °C under regular (RA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions: CA-1 (CO2 – 1.2-1.5 %, O2 – 1.2-1.5 %), CA-2 (СО2&lt;0.1 %, О2 – 1.2-1.5 %), under conditions of short (10 days) post-harvest impact of controlled factors: temperature 18-20 °С, О2 – 1.2-1.5 %, CO2&lt;0.1 % and further storage in regular atmosphere (LO2 ). Ethylene, α-farnesen and its oxidation products (CТ281), phenolic compounds were determined in fruits, losses from bitter pit, scald, CO2 -skin injuries, quality (fi rmness) were estimated. 1-MCP-treatment ensured a low level of ethylene and CT281 accumulation in fruits, protection from scald, preservation of fi rmness in all variants of fruit storage, with maximum effi ciency of variants CA-2, CA-1 and LO2 . Fruit protection from bitter pit was provided by CA-2 technology, a signifi cant reduction of losses – LO2 . When using the technology of CA-2, losses from CO2 -skin injuries, noted in the conditions of CA-1, were excluded. The maximum efficiency of protection of fruits from BP, scald, CO2 -injuries is provided by the developed technology CA-2 (CO2&lt;0.1 %, O2 — 1.2-1.5 %).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоды яблони</kwd><kwd>подкожная пятнистость</kwd><kwd>загар</kwd><kwd>СО2 -ожог</kwd><kwd>обычная атмосфера</kwd><kwd>регулируемая атмосфера</kwd><kwd>этилен</kwd><kwd>КТ281</kwd><kwd>качество</kwd><kwd>твердость</kwd><kwd>Синап Орловский</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apple fruits</kwd><kwd>bitter pit</kwd><kwd>superficial scald</kwd><kwd>CO2 -skin injuries</kwd><kwd>regular atmosphere</kwd><kwd>controlled atmosphere</kwd><kwd>ethylene</kwd><kwd>CT281</kwd><kwd>quality</kwd><kwd>fruit firmness</kwd><kwd>Sinap Orlovsky</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены при поддержке РФФИ, проект № 18-416-680013 р_а.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out with the support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 18-416-680013 r_a.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Freitas S. 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