vstispСадоводство и виноградарствоHorticulture and viticulture0235-25912618-9003Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»10.31676/0235-2591-2020-3-37-43vstisp-531Research ArticleАГРОХИМИЯ, ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ И АГРОЭКОЛОГИЯAGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE AND AGROECOLOGYВлияние условий почвенного питания на продуктивность растений вишни и сезонную динамику минерального азота в корнеобитаемом слоеThe impact of soil nutritional conditions on sour cherry yield and seasonal dynamics of mineral nitrogen in root zonehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9780-5339РоеваТ. А.StolyarovM. E.

Роева Татьяна Александровна  – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории агрохимии

 п/о Жилинa, Орловский район, Орловская область, 302530

Tatyana A. Roeva - PhD (Agric.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Agrochemistry

 v. Zhilina, Orel district, Orel region, 302530

agro@vniispk.ruЛеоничеваЕ. В.LeonichevaE. V.

Леоничева Е. В. – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией агрохимии

 п/о Жилинa, Орловский район, Орловская область, 302530

Leonicheva E. V., PhD (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Head of Laboratory of Agrochemistry

 v. Zhilina, Orel district, Orel region, 302530

ЛеонтьеваЛ. И.LeontievaL. I.

Леонтьева Л. И. – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории агрохимии

 п/о Жилинa, Орловский район, Орловская область, 302530

Leontieva L. I., PhD (Agric.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Agrochemistry

 v. Zhilina, Orel district, Orel region, 302530

СтоляровМ. Е.StolyarovM. E.

Столяров М. Е. – научный сотрудник лаборатории агрохимии

 п/о Жилинa, Орловский район, Орловская область, 302530

Stolyarov M. E., Researcher, Laboratory of Agrochemistry

 v. Zhilina, Orel district, Orel region, 302530

ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур»РоссияRussian Research Institute of Fruit Crop BreedingRussian Federation202002082020033743Copyright © Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 20202020Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/531

Целью исследования было изучение сезонной динамики содержания Nmin (аммонийной и нитратной форм азота) в почве молодого вишнёвого сада под влиянием азотных удобрений. Эксперимент проводился с четырехлетними деревьями вишни сорта Тургеневка в периоды вегетации 2018 и 2019 гг. Опытный участок расположен в лесостепной зоне Среднерусской возвышенности (Орловская область) на агросерых суглинистых почвах. Варианты опыта: 1. Контроль (без удобрений); 2. N30K40; 3. N60K80; 4. N90K120; 5. N120K160. В опыте были использованы Nм и Kс, вносимые в почву однократно ранней весной. Образцы почвы отбирали послойно с глубины 0…20, 20…40 и 40…60 см пять раз в течение периода вегетации: в мае, июне, июле, августе и сентябре. В неудобренной почве содержание минерального азота варьировало в пределах 3,1…31,7 мг/кг в оба периода вегетации. Внесение удобрений привело к существенному увеличению содержания Nmin до 4,7…147,6 и 20,3…102,5 мг/кг в 2018 и 2019 гг., соответственно. Как в 2018, так и в 2019 г. во всех вариантах опыта концентрация Nmin в 60-сантиметровом слое почвы была наибольшей в мае-июне и снижалась в июле-августе в 1,3…5 раз. Удобрение мочевиной в дозах N90 и N120 приводило к существенному возрастанию содержания почвенного азота, которое в начале лета было в 1,6…5 раз выше, чем в неудобренной почве. Перемещение минерального азота в более глубокие слои почвы наблюдалось при внесении азотных удобрений в дозе N120. Наибольшая продуктивность четырехлетних деревьев вишни сорта Тургеневка отмечена в варианте N120K160 (5,38 и 9,33 кг/дерево в 2018 и 2019 гг., соответственно), но увеличение урожайности по сравнению с контролем не было статистически значимым.

The research aimed to study seasonal dynamics of content of Nmin (ammonium and nitrate forms of nitrogen) in the soil of a young sour cherry orchard as aff ected by nitrogen fertilizers. The experiment was conducted with 4-years old sour cherry trees of the ‘Turgenevka’ variety during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experimental orchard was situated at forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Orel region) with loamy Haplic Luvisol. The treatments included: 1. Control (without fertilizers); 2. N30K40; 3. N60K80; 4. N90K120; 5. N120K160. Urea and potassium sulfate were used as fertilizers and were soil applied once a year at early spring. Soil samples were collected in soil layers from a depth of 0…20, 20…40 and 40…60 cm fi ve times during the growing seasons: in May, June, July, August and September. Without fertilizers, mineral nitrogen content varied within 3.1…31.7 mg/kg during both growing seasons. The fertilizer treatments resulted in essential rise of Nmin to 4.7…147.6 and 20.3…102.5 mg/kg in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons respectively. In both 2018 and 2019 the Nmin concentration in 0…60 cm soil layer was the highest in May…June, and decreased by 1.3-5 times in July…August. The fertilization by urea in N90 and N120 doses led to at essential increase of soil nitrogen content by 1.6-5 times compared with unfertilized soil in early summer. The movement of mineral nitrogen to the deeper soil layers was observed when applying of nitrogen fertilizers at the dose of N120. The greatest productivity of 4-years old ‘Turgenevka’ sour cherry trees was observed at N120K160 treatment (5.38 and 9.33 kg/tree in 2018 and 2019 respectively), but the increase in yield compared to the control was not statistically signifi cant.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.