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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2021-2-38-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-686</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ ВЕДЕНИЯ ПИТОМНИКОВОДСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MODERN NURSERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование  агробиологических и биохимических показателей у вишни в зависимости от способа размножения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of cherry agrobiological and biochemical values depending on the breeding method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9547-9178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Упадышева</surname><given-names>Г. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Upadysheva</surname><given-names>G. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Упадышева Галина Юрьевна — кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом агротехнологий в садоводстве</p><p>ул. Загорьевская, 4, Москва, 115598</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina Yu. Upadysheva, PhD (Agric.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Department of Agrotechnology in Horticulture </p><p>4, Zagor’evskaya str., Moscow, 115598</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">upad64@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мотылёва</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Motyleva</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Agric.), associate professor, Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панищева</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panishcheva</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория физиологии и биохимии растений</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9126-747X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мертвищева</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mertvischeva</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория физиологии и биохимии растений</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный селекционно-технологический центр садоводства и питомниководства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/686">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/686</self-uri><abstract><p>В 2018-2020 гг. в Федеральном научном селекционно-технологическом центре садоводства и питомниководства в условиях Ленинского района Московской области проводили исследования по изучению ростовых, продукционных и биохимических процессов у корнесобственных и привитых растений вишни. Схема посадки — 5×2,5 м, возраст деревьев — 17-19 лет. Объектами исследований были 3 сорта вишни (Русинкa, Волочaевка, Апухтинскaя), привитые на клоновых подвоях (АВЧ-2, Московия и Измайловский) и корнесобственные, вырaщенные способом зелёного черенковaния. Биохимические исследования включали определение суммарной антиоксидантной активности спиртового экстракта, содержания хлорофиллов (а и b) и каротиноидов, суммы фенольных соединений, рутина и кверцетина в листьях. Цель исследований — изучение агробиологических и биохимических показателей у привитых и корнесобственных растений сортов вишни и выявление оптимального способа выращивания для перспективных сортов. Установлено, что на рост и развитие деревьев вишни влияли сорт, подвой и способ размножения. Усиление линейного и радиального роста отмечено при прививке на подвоях АВЧ-2 и Московия, снижение высоты и объёма кроны — у корнесобственных деревьев и у привитых на подвое Измайловский. В зависимости от сорта, подвоя и способа выращивания саженцев, продуктивность деревьев варьировала от 3,5 (Русинка, корнесобственная) до 11,6 кг/дер. (Апухтинская, корнесобственная). У сортов Апухтинская и Волочаевка выявлено преимущество корнесобственных деревьев перед привитыми. У сорта Русинка отмечена наиболее высокая продуктивность при прививке на подвое Измайловский (5,5 кг/дер.). Для повышения урожайности сада при выращивании сортов Апухтинская и Волочаевка целесообразно использовать корнесобственные привитые на подвоях Московия и Измайловский саженцы. Для сорта Русинка оптимальный результат может быть получен при выращивании саженцев, привитых на подвое Измайловский. Биохимические исследования позволили установить влияние подвоя на фотосинтетическую, антиоксидантную системы и синтез фенольных соединений в листьях вишни. Показано, что антиоксидантная активность и накопление фенольных соединений в листьях были максимальными у корнесобственных растений самого зимостойкого сорта Русинка и у привойно-подвойной комбинации Русинка/Измайловский. Содержание хлорофиллов и каротиноидов было наибольшим в листьях у корнесобственных деревьев сорта Апухтинская, привойно-подвойных комбинаций Апухтинская/Измайловский и Русинка/Измайловский, характеризующихся повышенной продуктивностью. Отмечено снижение биохимических показателей у всех сортов, привитых на подвое АВЧ-2.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2018–2020, in the Federal Research Centre of Horticulture in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region, a research study into the growth, production and biochemical processes of ungrafted and grafted cherry trees was performed. The planting plan was 5×2.5 m, the age of the trees — 17-19 years. Three varieties of cherries (Rusinka, Volochaevka, Apukhtinskaya), grafted on clonal rootstock (AVCH-2, Moskoviya Izmailovskiy) and own-root, propagation-grown by herbaceous cuttings, were selected as the study objects. Biochemical studies involved determining the total antioxidant status of the alcoholic extract, the chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids content, the total of phenolic compounds, rutin and quercetin in the leaves. The study aimed to assess the agrobiological and biochemical parameters of grafted and own-root cherry varieties and to identify the optimal growing technique for promising ones. It was found that the variety, rootstock and breeding method influenced the growth and development of cherry trees. The linear and radial growth improved for the trees grafted on the AVC-2 and Moskoviya rootstocks and the height and crown volume thinned for the own-root trees and in those grafted on the Izmailovskiy rootstock. Depending on the variety, stock and growing technique of seedlings, the productivity of trees ranged from 3.5 (Rusinka, own-root) to 11.6 kg/tree (Apukhtinskaya, own-root). The advantage of own-root trees compared to grafted ones was revealed for Apukhtinskaya and Volochaevka varieties. The Rusinka variety showed the highest productivity when grafted on the Izmailovsky rootstock (5.5 kg/tree). To increase the yield per garden when cultivating the Apukhtinskaya and Volochaevka varieties, it is beneficial to use own-root seedlings grafted on the Moskoviya and Izmailovskiy rootstocks. For the Rusinka variety, the optimal result can be achieved when growing seedlings grafted on the Izmailovsky rootstock. The biochemical studies allowed the influence of rootstock on the photosynthetic, antioxidant systems and the synthesis of phenol compounds in the cherry leaves to be determined. It was shown that the antioxidant activity and the accumulation of phenol compounds in the leaves were the highest for the own-root plants of the most winter-hardy Rusinka variety and the Rusinka/Izmailovskiy graftedrootstock combination. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were the highest in the leaves of the Apukhtinskaya variety own-root trees, Apukhtinskaya/Izmailovskiy and Rusinka/Izmailovskiy grafted-rootstock combinations with increased productivity. Notably, the biochemical values decreased for all varieties grafted on the AVC-2 rootstock.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вишня</kwd><kwd>сорт</kwd><kwd>корнесобственные растения</kwd><kwd>продуктивность</kwd><kwd>лист</kwd><kwd>антиоксидантная активность</kwd><kwd>привойно-подвойные  комбинации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cherries</kwd><kwd>variety</kwd><kwd>town-root plants</kwd><kwd>productivity</kwd><kwd>leaf</kwd><kwd>antioxidant activity</kwd><kwd>grafted-rootstock combinations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колесникова А. Ф. Улучшение сортимента вишни на основе клонового отбора: монография. Орел, 2010, 183 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikova A. F. Improvement of cherry assortment on the basis of clonal selection: monograph. Orel, 2010, 183 p. 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