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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2021-6-45-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-809</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОХИМИЯ, ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ И АГРОЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE AND AGROECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение содержания основных элементов питания почвы под влиянием дерново-перегнойной системы содержания междурядий сада</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Main soil nutrients dynamics in sod-dressing intercropped orchard</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой агроэкологии и охраны окружающей среды</p><p>Орел</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Agric.), Professor, Head of the Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection</p><p>Orel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7681-4516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резвякова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rezvyakova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Резвякова Светлана Викторовна, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой защиты растений и экотоксикологии</p><p>ул. Генерала Родина, 69, г. Орел, 302019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Rezvyakova, Dr. Sci. (Agric.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Plant Protection and Ecotoxicology</p><p>69, Generala Rodina Str., Orel, 302019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lana8545@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ревин</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Revin</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент кафедры агроэкологии и охраны окружающей среды</p><p>Орел</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Agric.), Associate Professor, Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection</p><p>Orel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Орловский государственный аграрный университет имени Н. В. Парахина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. V. Parakhin Orel State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/809">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/809</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — изучить сезонную динамику азота, фосфора и калия в почве под влиянием трав-задернителей при дерново-перегнойной системе содержания междурядий. Опыт заложен в яблоневом саду 1987 г. посадки, сорт Уэлси. Схема размещения деревьев — 8×6 м, подвой — сеянцы культурных сортов. Для задернения междурядий использовали клевер красный и тимофеевку луговую в разном процентном соотношении. Посев злаково-бобовых трав в междурядьях сада произведен в 2015 г. Перед посевом внесено по 180 кг/га д. в. фосфорных и калийных удобрений в запас. Азотные удобрения вносились ежегодно до начала вегетации в дозе 34,4 кг/га д. в. Биомасса травы в первом укосе была наибольшей и составила 45,3-49,9 % от суммарной массы. В сумме за четыре укоса сухая масса составила 3,36-7,10 т/га в зависимости от варианта. Максимальное количество биомассы было в вариантах с посевом клевера красного и тимофеевки луговой в соотношении 1:1 и 7:3 (6,52 и 7,10 т/га). За период вегетации травами выносится из почвы 111,1-219,9 кг/га азота, 21,5-42,7 кг/га фосфора и 209,3-380,8 кг/га калия. Такое количество потреблённых элементов питания говорит о серьёзной конкуренции за почвенное питание между травянистой растительностью и плодовыми деревьями. Содержание доступных форм фосфора и калия не зависело от систем содержания почвы в междурядьях сада. Различия между вариантами находились в пределах ошибки опыта. Это связано с предпосевным внесением фосфорных и калийных удобрений в запас перед закладкой опыта. К моменту первого укоса содержание нитратного азота в почве в вариантах с задернением было в 1,5-2 раза меньше, чем на чёрном пару, то есть на формирование биомассы травянистой растительности расходуется больше азота, а восстановление доступных форм происходит медленнее, чем потребление.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study aimed to estimate seasonal dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under the influence of sod grasses in a sod-dressing intercropped orchard. The trial was conducted in a Welsey apple 1987-year orchard. Trees were planted at 8×6 m, cultivar seedlings used as rootstock. Red clover and meadow timothy in variant shares were used for interrow sodding. The cereal—legume intercropping was done in 2015, preceded by a 180 kg/ha active substance phosphorus-potassium dressing in reserve. Nitrogen was applied annually prior to growing season at 34.4 kg/ha active substance. Grass biomass in first hay cutting was the highest and comprised 45.3-49.9 % total mass. A total four cuttings dry mass was 3.36-7.10 t/ha depending on scheme. The maximum biomass was registered for the schemes with red clover and meadow timothy at ratios 1:1 and 7:3 (6.52 and 7.10 t/ha). In the growing period, grass depleted soil for 111.1—219.9 kg/ha nitrogen, 21.5-42.7 kg/ha phosphorus and 209.3—380.8 kg/ha potassium. Such consumptions suggest a serious competition for soil nutrients between grass vegetation and fruit trees. The available phosphorus and potassium content was independent of interrow dressing schemes. Inter-scheme differences did not exceed experimental bias due to presowing phosphorus and potassium application in reserve before trial. By first cutting, the nitrate nitrogen soil content in sodding schemes was 1.5-2-fold less vs. bare fallow, i.e. more nitrogen is used by vegetating grass, and its available forms recover slower than being consumed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яблоня</kwd><kwd>сад</kwd><kwd>дерново-перегнойная система</kwd><kwd>нитратный азот</kwd><kwd>подвижный фосфор</kwd><kwd>обменный калий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apple tree</kwd><kwd>orchard</kwd><kwd>sod dressing</kwd><kwd>nitrate nitrogen</kwd><kwd>mobile phosphorus</kwd><kwd>exchangeable potassium</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыкалин Ф. Н. 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