vstispСадоводство и виноградарствоHorticulture and viticulture0235-25912618-9003Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»10.31676/0235-2591-2022-1-5-13vstisp-835Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВОGENETICS, BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTIONСелекционные возможности создания форм малины с высоким уровнем продуктивностиBreeding potential for high-yield raspberry varietieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0289-1092ПодгаецкийМ. А.PodgaetskiyM. A.

Подгаецкий М. А. — кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, Кокинский опорный пункт

г. Москва

Podgaetskiy М. А., Phd (Agric.), Senior Researcher, Kokino base station

Moscow

maxpodgai@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-7593ЕвдокименкоС. Н.EvdokimenkoS. N.

Евдокименко C. Н. — доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий Кокинским опорным пунктом

г. Москва

Evdokimenko S. N., Dr. Sci.(Agric.), professor, Chief Researcher, Head of Kokino base station

Moscow

Федеральный научный селекционно-технологический центр садоводства и питомниководстваРоссияFederal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and NurseryRussian Federation20220403202201513Copyright © Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 20222022Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/835

Проведена оценка 12 исходных родительских форм малины, а также их потомства в количестве 9 комбинаций контролируемых скрещиваний по основным компонентам продуктивности. Работа выполнялась на коллекционном и селекционном участках Кокинского опорного пункта ФНЦ Садоводства в 2019-2021 гг. Определение нагрузки урожая на один побег проводилось в полевых условиях путем подсчета числа плодовых веточек на стебле, среднего числа ягод на 1 плодовую веточку. Изучение исходных форм проводилось в трехкратной повторности. Среднюю массу ягод определяли путем взвешивания не менее 100 плодов в каждой повторности на электронных весах марки SCC-750. Учет гибридных сеянцев проводился покустно, для определения средней массы ягод с каждого растения собиралось не менее 30 плодов. Погодные условия периода исследований значительно различались. Это способствовало более объективной оценке изучаемого материала малины по составляющим компонентам продуктивности. По числу латералов на стебель (20 шт. и более) выделились сорта Улыбка, Гусар, Лавина, Скромница, а также отборные формы 8-6-3 и 11-126-1; по количеству плодов на латерал — сорт Бригантина и отборная форма 11-126-1, образующие по 16 ягод на плодовую веточку; по массе плодов — Cowichan, Лавина, Феномен, формирующие плоды массой выше 3,5 г. Подтверждена отрицательная сопряженность массы ягод от количества их на плодовую веточку. Выяснено, что масса ягод на 25 % связана с изменчивостью числа плодов на латерале. Анализ гибридного потомства позволил определить наиболее перспективные комбинации скрещивания по компонентам продуктивности. В селекции на увеличение количества латералов на один стебель особого внимания заслуживают семьи Гусар×8-6-3, Гусар×Вольница, 8-6-3×Cowichan, 8-6-3×Улыбка; в селекции на повышение уровня многоплодности — Гусар×Вольница, 8-6-3×Улыбка, 8-6-3×Д-1-1, Скромница×Феномен и 18-11-2×11-126-1; в селекции на повышение крупноплодности — Скромница×Феномен и Бригантина×Лавина. Среди гибридного потомства некоторых комбинаций скрещиваний выделены генотипы 2-58-2, 2-58-3 (18-11-2×11-126-1), 2-60-1, 2-61-2 (Гусар×8-6-3), 2-59-1, 2-59-2 (Скромница×Феномен), 2-83-1 (Бригантина×Лавина), 2-60-2 (8-6-3×Cowichan),  совмещающие комплекс компонентов продуктивности на высоком уровне и представляющие качественно новый материал в селекции малины на повышение урожайности.

Twelve original parental forms of raspberry, as well as their nine progeny combinations of controlled breeding, were evaluated for the main performance characteristics. The work was carried out at the collection and trial gardens of the Kokin testing station of the FSBSO ARHCBAN in 2019-2021. The shoot loading was determined under field conditions by counting the fruiting branches on a stem and the average number of berries per 1 fruiting branch. The original forms were subjected to triple analysis. The average mass of berries was determined by measuring no less than 100 fruits in each analysis using the SCC-750 electronic balance. Hybrid seedlings were counted by bush, and at least 30 fruits were collected from each plant to determine the average berry mass. The weather conditions during the study period varied considerably. This ensured a more accurate evaluation of the studied raspberry material for its performance characteristics. Several varieties were differentiated by the following parameters: Smile, Gusar, Lavina, Skromnitsa and selected forms 8-6-3 and 11-126-1 by the number of laterals per stem (20 and more); Brigantina and selected form 11-126-1 by the number of fruits per lateral (16 berries per fruiting branch); Cowichan, Lavina, Phenomen by fruit mass (over 3.5 g). The negative association of berry mass with the number of berries per fruiting branch was confirmed. It was established that the berry mass is associated by 25 % with the variations in fruit number on the lateral. Analysing the hybrid progeny allowed the most promising breeding combinations to be identified based on performance characteristics. When breeding for improving the number of laterals per stem, the families Gusar×8-6-3, Gusar×Volnitsa, 8-6-3×Cowichan, 8-6-3×Smile deserve special attention; Gusar×Volnitsa, 8-6-3×Smile, 8-6-3×D-1-1, Skromnitsa×Phenomenon and 18-11-2×11-126-1 when breeding for improving polycarpic yield; Skromnitsa×Phenomenon and Brigantina×Lavina when breeding for improving the size of a fruit. Among the hybrid progeny of some breeding combinations, the genotypes 2-58-2, 2-58-3 (18-11-2×11-126-1), 2-60-1, 2-61-2 (Hussar×8-6-3), 2-59-1, 2-59-2 (Skromnitsa×Phenomenon), 2-83-1 (Brigantina×Lavina), and 2-60-2 (8-6-3×Cowichan) were obtained that exhibit several performance characteristics and represent novel material in raspberry breeding for yield improvement.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.