vstispСадоводство и виноградарствоHorticulture and viticulture0235-25912618-9003Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»10.31676/0235-2591-2022-1-31-37vstisp-839Research ArticleМЕТОДЫ И СПОСОБЫ ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ ОТ ВРЕДИТЕЛЕЙ И БОЛЕЗНЕЙMETHODS AND WAYS OF PROTECTING PLANTS FROM DISEAS AND PESTSПоражение ягод смородины красной и её разновидностей грибами из рода Colletotrichum Sacc. в РоссииInfestation of red currant berries and its varieties by fungi of genus Colletotrichum Sacc. in RussiaГоловинС. Е.GolovinS. E.

Головин С. Е. — доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией защиты растений

ул. Загорьевская, 4, г. Москва, 115598

Golovin S. E., Dr. Sci.(Agric.), Leading Researcher, Head of PlantProtection Laboratory

4, Zagor’evskaya str., Moscow, 115598

block2410@yandex.ruХаритоноваЕ. В.KharitonovaE. V.

Харитонова Е. В. — аспирант, младший научный сотрудник

г. Москва

Kharitonova E. V., Postgraduate Student, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Phytopathology

Moscow

Федеральный научный селекционно-технологический центр садоводства и питомниководстваРоссияFederal Horticultural Research Centеr for Breeding, Agrotechnology and NurseryRussian Federation202224032022013137Copyright © Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 20222022Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/839

Одни виды паразитических грибов из рода Colletotrichum поражают вегетативные органы растений, другие — генеративные. Это влечет за собой снижение товарности ягод и урожайности, преждевременной гибели растения. Грибы из рода Colletotrichum, вызывающие антракноз ягод смородины, впервые в России были выделены из плодов смородины красной (Ribes rubrum) и её разновидностей, полученных из Московской, Ярославской, Костромской областей и Республики Марий Эл. Поражаемость сортов этой культуры зависела от уровня инфекционного потенциала Colletotrichum spp. в насаждениях и погодных условий. Симптомы поражения — сморщенные плоды, появляющиеся при созревании ягод. Виды этого патогена сохраняются на мумифицированных ягодах и сухих кистях. Заражение цветков в условиях Московской области наблюдалось в I декаде мая 2021 г., в условиях континентального климата Республики Марий Эл визуальные симптомы заболевания в эти сроки отсутствовали, но патоген уже присутствовал в насаждениях. Это означает, что патогены при заражении растения ведут себя как биотрофы. Результаты морфологического и молекулярно-генетического анализов показали, что на смородине красной в условиях Московской области паразитируют два вида из рода Colletotrichum: Colletotrichum godetiae Neerg., Friesia и Colletotrichum fioriniae Marcelino&Gouli.

Some species of parasitic fungi from the genus Colletotrichum afflict the vegetative organs of a plant, while the others affect the reproductive organs. This results in the deterioration of berry quality and yield and the potential death of a plant. Colletotrichum fungi causing anthracnose in the red currant berry were first isolated in Russia from the fruits of red currant (Ribes rubrum) and its varieties received from the Moscow, Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions and the Mari El Republic. The susceptibility of these crop varieties depended on the infection potential of Colletotrichums pp. in the plantings and weather conditions. Infestation symptoms include wrinkled fruit that develops during berry ripening. Species of this pathogen are preserved within mummy berries and dry clusters on the branches. The flowers were infected under the conditions of the Moscow Region in the first decade of May 2021; under the conditions of continental climate in the Mari El Republic, visual symptoms of the disease were absent within this period; however, the pathogen had already been present in the plantations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pathogens behave as biotrophs when infecting red currant. The results of morphological and molecular genetic analyses showed that two species of the genus Colletotrichum parasitise on red currant in the Moscow region: Colletotrichum godetiae Neerg., Friesia and Colletotrichum fioriniae Marcelino&Gouli.

смородина краснаясортаягодыантракнозгрибы из рода ColletotrichumПЦРсеквенированиеColletotrichum godetiaeColletotrichum fioriniaered currantvarietiesberriesanthracnosefungi from genus ColletotrichumPCRsequencingColletotrichum godetiaeColletotrichum fioriniaeИсследования выполнены в рамках реализации государственного задания ФГБНУ ФНЦ Садо- водства № 0432-2021-0002 «Изучить особенности биоэкологии и вредоносности опасных вредителей и болезней плодовых и ягодных культур, усовершенствовать системы диагностики и разработать комплексные экологизи- рованные системы оздоровления и защитных мероприятий для садовых агроценозов»The research was carried out as part of the implementation of the state task of the Federal Horticultural Research Centеr for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery №. 0432-2021-0002 «To study the features of bioecology and harmfulness of dangerous pests and diseases of fruit and berry crops, to improve diagnostic systems and to develop comprehensive ecologized systems of health improvement and protective measures for garden agrocenoses»ReferencesDamm U., Cannon P. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.