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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2022-5-47-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-924</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ И СПОСОБЫ ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ ОТ ВРЕДИТЕЛЕЙ И БОЛЕЗНЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS AND WAYS OF PROTECTING PLANTS FROM DISEAS AND PESTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Скрининг штаммов-антагонистов Trichoderma Pers. к возбудителям гнили корней яблони из рода Fusarium Link</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Screening of antagonistic strains Trichoderma Pers. towards causative agent of root rot in apples of genus Fusarium Link.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9713-0383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астапчук</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astapchuk</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Астапчук И. Л. – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория биотехнологического контроля фитопатогенов и фитофагов</p><p> Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Astapchuk I. L., PhD (Agric.), Researcher, Laboratory of Biotechnological Control of Phytopathogens and Phytophages</p><p> Krasnodar</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kubansad@kubannet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7735-960X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якуба</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakuba</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якуба Г. В. – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория биотехнологического контроля фитопатогенов и фитофагов</p><p> Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakuba G. V., PhD. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Biotechnological Control of Phytopathogens and Phytophages</p><p>Krasnodar</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4927-2192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Насонов А. И. – кандидат биологических наук, заведущий лабораторией биотехнологического контроля фитопатогенов и фитофагов</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nasonov A. I., PhD (Biol.), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Biotechnological Control of Phytopathogens and Phytophages</p><p>Krasnodar</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/924">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/924</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы на юге России для такой важной сельскохозяйственной многолетней культуры, как яблоня, особую опасность представляют грибы рода Fusarium Link (1809), установленные в качестве возбудителей вредоносного заболевания – корневая гниль, которая ослабляет проводящие органы и может вызвать значительное снижение урожая и даже полную гибель растения. Анализ литературных источников показал, что род Trichoderma имеет большой потенциал для использования в интегрированной защите яблони. В связи с этим, а также вследствие отсутствия зарегистрированных микробиопрепаратов для контроля фузариозной корневой гнили яблони, актуален поиск штаммов-антагонистов для биотехнологического контроля данного заболевания. Цель исследования: в in vitro условиях изучить паразитическую активность штаммов рода Trichoderma в отношении возбудителей корневой гнили яблони – Fusarium sporotrichioides и Fusarium oxysporum. Исследования проведены в 2020-2021 гг. в лаборатории биотехнологического контроля фитопатогенов и фитофагов ФГБНУ СКФНЦСВВ. Объектами исследований стали моноконидиальные штаммы возбудителей корневой гнили яблони: F. sporotrichioides (штамм RR20XXIV/4.3) и F. oxysporum (штамм RR20XXV/6.2), а также 7 штаммов рода Trichoderma с предполагаемой антагонистической активностью. Активность штаммов рода Trichoderma в отношении грибов рода Fusarium определяли методом встречных (двойных) культур при совместном сращивании на среде КГА (картофельно-глюкозный агар). Стандартом служил препарат Трихоцин, СП (титр 1010 КОЕ/г Trichoderma harzianum, штамм Г-30 ВИЗР), зарегистрированный против корневых гнилей на ряде сельскохозяйственных культур. Контроль – монокультура тест-объекта (штаммы рода Fusarium). Из 7 штаммов грибов-антагонистов наибольшую активность по отношению к F. sporotrichioides проявили штаммы 20I/1 и 20II/2, обладающие двойным механизмом действия – конкуренцией за питательную среду и фунгицидным паразитическим антагонизмом (у последнего штамма отмечен гиперпаразитизм). Также были обнаружены антибиотический антагонизм (штамм 20XIV/5) и алиментарный антагонизм (штамм 20II/3.2). В отношении F. oxysporum штамм 20XIV/5 проявил антибиотический антагонизм и имел активность выше, чем стандарт; штамм 20I/1 проявил алиментарный антагонизм. Остальные штаммы-антагонисты показали конкурентные взаимоотношения за среду. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, in the south of Russia, fungi of the genus Fusarium Link (1809) constitute a special danger to such important agricultural perennial crops as the apple tree. Тhese fungi cause root rot, a harmful disease, which weakens the vascular organs, leading to a significant decrease in yield and even death of the plant. A literature review showed that the genus Trichoderma has great potential for the integrated protection of apple trees. In this regard, due to the lack of registered microbiological agents for the control of fusarium root rot in apple trees, the search for antagonistic strains for biotechnological control of this disease becomes relevant. In this work, the parasitic activity of strains of the genus Trichoderma against the causative agents of root rot in apple trees, namely Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium oxysporum, was studied in vitro. Тhe research was carried out in 2020–2021 in the Laboratory of biotechnological control of phytopathogens and phytophages of the FGBSO “North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking”. Тhe research was focused on monoconidial strains of the causative agent of apple root rot: F. sporotrichioides (strain RR20XXIV/4.3) and F. oxysporum (strain RR20XXV/6.2), as well as 7 strains of the genus Trichoderma having expected antagonistic activity. Тhe activity of strains of the genus Trichoderma against fungi of the genus Fusarium was determined by the dual culture method using joint splicing on the PGA medium (potato-glucose agar). Тhe Trichocin, SP (titer 1010 CFU/g Trichoderma harzianum, strain G-30 VISR), registered against root rot for a number of crops, was used as a standard. A monoculture of the test object (strains of the genus Fusarium) was used as a control. Out of the 7 strains of antagonistic fungi, strains 20I/1 and 20II/2 showed the greatest activity against F. sporotrichioides by a dual mechanism of action, which involves competition for a nutrient medium and fungicidal parasitic antagonism; the latter strain showed hyperparasitism. Antibiotic (strain 20XIV/5) and alimentary antagonisms (strain 20II/3.2) were also detected. Strain 20XIV/5 showed antibiotic antagonism against F. oxysporum, having higher activity than the standard; strain 20I/1 showed alimentary antagonism. Тhe remaining antagonist strains showed competitive interactions for the environment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яблоня</kwd><kwd>корневые гнили</kwd><kwd>Fusarium spp.</kwd><kwd>Trichoderma</kwd><kwd>антифунгальная активность</kwd><kwd>защита растений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apple tree</kwd><kwd>root rot</kwd><kwd>Fusarium spp.</kwd><kwd>Trichoderma</kwd><kwd>antifungal activity</kwd><kwd>plant protection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головин С. Е. Фитосанитарные проблемы в плодовом питомнике и пути их решения. Плодоводство и ягодоводство России. 2012;30:328-337.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovin S. E. Phytosanitary problems in a fruit nursery and ways to solve them. 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