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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2022-6-5-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-948</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биотехнологические и молекулярно-генетические методы в селекции винограда</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biotechnological and molecular genetic methods in grape breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3879-0485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиховской</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhovskoi</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лиховской Владимир Владимирович – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, директор</p><p>ул. Кирова, 31, Ялта, Республика Крым, 298600</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Likhovskoi, Dr. Sci. (Agric.), Director</p><p>31, Kirova str., Yalta, Republic of Crimea, 298600</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lihovskoy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-8292</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зленко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zlenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зленко В. А. – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Ялта, Республика Крым</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zlenko V. А., PhD. Sci. (Agric.), Assistant Professor, Leading Staff Scientist</p><p>Yalta, Republic of Crimea</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хватков</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khvatkov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хватков П. А. – старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Ялта, Республика Крым</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khvatkov P. А., Senior Scientist</p><p>Yalta, Republic of Crimea</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малетич</surname><given-names>Г. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maletich</surname><given-names>G. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малетич Г. К. – младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Ялта, Республика Крым</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maletich G. К., Junior Scientist</p><p>Yalta, Republic of Crimea</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6725-250X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спотарь</surname><given-names>Г. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spotar</surname><given-names>G. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Спотарь Г. Ю. – аспирант, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Ялта, Республика Крым</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Spotar G. Yu., Postgraduate, Junior Scientist</p><p>Yalta, Republic of Crimea</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5695-5936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лущай</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lushchay</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лущай Е. А. – младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Ялта, Республика Крым</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lushchay E. А., Junior Staff Scientist</p><p>Yalta, Republic of Crimea</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-0776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клименко</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimenko</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клименко В. П. – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующий Лабораторией генетики, биотехнологий селекции и размножения винограда</p><p>Ялта, Республика Крым</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Klimenko V. P., Dr. Agric. Sci., Senior Staff Scientist, Head of theLaboratory of Genetics, Biotechnologies of Grape Breeding andReproduction</p><p>Yalta, Republic of Crimea</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский национальный научно-исследовательский институт виноградарства и виноделия «Магарач» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarch” of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский национальный научно-исследовательский институт виноградарства и виноделия «Магарач» РАН; Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarch” of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Nikitskiy Botanical Garden — National Scientific Center of the of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/948">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/948</self-uri><abstract><p>На сегодняшний день одно из самых актуальных направлений в селекции винограда – это создание новых сортов с высокими качественными показателями и устойчивостью к стресс-факторам среды для расширения сортимента и импортозамещения с использованием биотехнологических методов. Вследствие большой гетерогенности сортов винограда методики регенерации растений из проэмбриогенного каллуса путем соматического эмбриогенеза разработаны для незначительного количества генотипов. В результате проведенных исследований с применением культур колхицинированных проэмбриогенных клеточных суспензий и соматических глобулярных эмбриоидов гибридной формы Е-342 в вариантах жидких сред разработана универсальная методология развития глобулярных, сердцевидных и торпедовидных эмбриоидов у различных генотипов винограда. Методология позволяет эффективно улучшать протоколы эмбриогенеза и индукции полиплоидии. Универсальность разработанной методологии индукции полиплоидии и соматического эмбриогенеза у винограда обеспечивается снижением концентрации неорганического азота и витаминов в средах NN и PG в четыре раза и добавлением органического азота и других биологических активных веществ на этапах развития проэмбриогенного каллуса, колхицинирования и развития соматических эмбриоидов в жидких средах. Изучены и освоены методы косвенного анализа плоидности по свойствам эпидермиса листьев винограда. По комплексу четырех признаков предварительно выделено девять перспективных сомаклонов. Установлено, что только способ трансформации, предполагающий получение из листового экспланта эмбриогенного каллуса, пассаж его в жидкую культуру с получением жидкой эмбриокультуры и трансформацию этой культуры позволяет получить полноценные трансгенные растения винограда. Трансформации подвергнуто 300 листовых эксплантов сорта Ливия и 1 100 глобулярных эмбриоидов сорта Подарок Магарача. В результате экспериментов отселектированы три каллусных канамицинустойчивых линий сорта Ливия и шесть линий трансгенных растений сорта Подарок Магарача. По результатам генотипирования по 9 ядерным микросателлитным локусам идентифицированы 7 неизвестных форм с бессемянным фенотипом. При помощи маркеров бессемянности MAS-селекции VMC7f2 и p3_VvAGL11 в популяции гибридных сеянцев выявлены гибриды, имеющие аллели, сцепленные с признаком бессемянности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development of new grape varieties with improved quality and resistance against environmental factors using biotechnological methods is a pressing task in the context of import substitution policy implementation. Due to the high heterogeneity of grape varieties, techniques for regenerating plants from embryogenic callus by somatic embryogenesis have been developed only for a small number of genotypes. This work presents a versatile approach to the development of globular, heart, and torpedo embryos in various grape genotypes. Experiments were carried out using cultures of colchicine embryogenic cell suspensions and somatic globular embryos of the E-342 hybrid form in liquid media. The developed methodology allows the protocols of embryogenesis and polyploidy induction to be effectively improved. The versatility of the presented methodology for polyploidy induction and somatic embryogenesis in grape plants is ensured by a fourfold reduction in the concentration of inorganic nitrogen and vitamins in the NN and PG media and the addition of organic nitrogen and other biological active substances at the stages of embryogenic callus development, colchicination, and development of somatic embryoids in liquid media. The methods of indirect ploidy determination by the properties of the grape leaf epidermis were studied and implemented. Nine promising somaclones were preliminary selected based on a set of four features. It was established that full-fledged transgenic grape plants can only be obtained by the method of transformation, which involves the production of embryogenic callus from a leaf explant, its subsequent passage into a liquid culture to obtain a liquid embryo culture, and the transformation of this culture. In total, 300 leaf explants of the Libya variety and 1 100 globular embryos of the Podarok Magaracha variety were transformed. As a result, six callus kanamycin-resistant lines of the Libya variety and six lines of transgenic plants of the Podarok Magaracha variety were selected. Following genotyping based on nine nuclear microsatellite loci, seven unknown forms with a seedless phenotype were identified. Among the population of hybrid seedlings, hybrids having alleles associated with seedlessness were revealed using the VMC7f2 and p3_VvAGL11 MAS markers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виноград</kwd><kwd>эмбриогенез</kwd><kwd>полиплоидия</kwd><kwd>хлоропласты</kwd><kwd>генетическая трансформация</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>MAS-селекция</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>маркеры SNP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>grapes</kwd><kwd>embryogenesis</kwd><kwd>polyploidy</kwd><kwd>chloroplasts</kwd><kwd>genetic transformation</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>MAS selection</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>SNP markers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клименко В. П., Павлова И. А. Генетические основы создания сортов винограда при участии источников ценных признаков с низкой фертильностью, «Магарач». 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