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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vstisp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Садоводство и виноградарство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Horticulture and viticulture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2591</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-9003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31676/0235-2591-2023-1-35-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vstisp-982</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОХИМИЯ, ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ И АГРОЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE AND AGROECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние гумата калия на урожайность и содержание N, P, K в почве и листьях яблони сорта Лигол в Центральном Черноземье</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of potassium humate on the yield and N, P, K content in soil and leaves of cv. Ligol apple in Central Chernozem region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-0085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузин А. И. − доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, доцент</p><p>ул. Мичурина, 30, г. Мичуринск, Тамбовская область, 393774</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kuzin A. I.- Dr. Sci. (Agric.), Leading Researcher</p><p>30, Michurina str., Michurinsk, Tambov region, 393774</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.kuzin1967@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушнер</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushner</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кушнер А. В. − аспирант</p><p>ул. Мичурина, 30, г. Мичуринск, Тамбовская область, 393774</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kushner A. V. - Post-graduate Student</p><p>30, Michurina str., Michurinsk, Tambov region, 393774</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмакова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmakova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмакова А. А. − младший научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Мичурина, 30, г. Мичуринск, Тамбовская область, 393774</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shmakova А. А.- Junior Researcher</p><p>30, Michurina str., Michurinsk, Tambov region, 393774</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свиридов</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridov</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свиридов Г. Б. − аспирант</p><p>ул. Мичурина, 30, г. Мичуринск, Тамбовская область, 393774</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sviridov G. B. - Post-graduate Student</p><p>30, Michurina str., Michurinsk, Tambov region, 393774</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назаров В. Н. − младший научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Мичурина, 30, г. Мичуринск, Тамбовская область, 393774</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nazarov V. N.- Junior Researcher</p><p>30, Michurina str., Michurinsk, Tambov region, 393774</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр им. И. В. Мичурина; Мичуринский государственный аграрный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. V. Michurin Federal Scientifi c Centre; Michurinsk State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр им. И. В. Мичурина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. V. Michurin Federal Scientifi c Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture», 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Autonomous non-profit organization Editorial Board of journal «Horticulture and viticulture»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.sadivin.com/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/982">https://www.sadivin.com/jour/article/view/982</self-uri><abstract><p>Управление питанием садов яблони с высокой плотностью посадки – острая проблема для центральной России. Производители плодово-ягодной продукции увеличивают нормы внесения удобрений для повышения урожайности, что повышает нагрузку на окружающую среду и ведёт к негативным последствиям. Переход на органическое земледелие – это решение многих проблем, но уровень урожайности при традиционном садоводстве все ещё намного выше. В настоящее время важно добиваться снижения норм вносимых минеральных удобрений и внедрения органики. Такой подход позволяет в большей степени использовать ресурс плодородия почвы и в то же время поддерживать продуктивность насаждений на высоком уровне. В наших исследованиях значительное внимание уделено калийному питанию деревьев яблони. В течение двух вегетационных сезонов (2020 и 2021 гг.), изучено влияние фертигации различными нормами калийных удобрений и модифицированного кремнием гумата калия на состояние деревьев яблони сорта Лигол, привитых на подвое 62-396 в экспериментальном саду Федерального научного центра им. И. В. Мичурина. Сад был заложен в 2018 г., схема посадки – 1,2×4,5 м (1 852 дер./га). Варианты эксперимента: контроль (орошение); полная норма удобрений N20P6K28; 3/4 нормы минеральных удобрений N15P4K21 + 1/2 нормы гумата калия, 1/2 нормы минеральных удобрений N10P3K14 + 1/2 нормы гумата калия; полная норма гумата калия 10 л/га. Внесение гумата обеспечило получение максимального урожая в 2020 г., но без существенных различий по сравнению с применением минеральных удобрений; в 2021 г. урожайность также была на уровне внесения минеральных удобрений. Внесение гумата обеспечило более высокое содержание азота в листьях, чем при использовании минеральных удобрений за счёт значительного увеличения доступности азота и калия в почве. На содержание доступного фосфора не было оказано существенного влияния. Это свидетельствует о том, что эффективность гуматов зависит от типа почвы. Совместное внесение пониженных норм минеральных удобрений и гумата калия стимулировало высокую урожайность при небольшом увеличении кислотности почвы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nutrient management of high-density apple orchards remains to be a serious problem in central Russia. Enhancing apple productivity by applying higher fertilizer rates leads to an increased environmental burden and undesired consequences. Although the transition to organic farming may solve many horticultural problems, conventional methods still produce higher crop yields. One of the most pressing issues consists in reducing mineral fertilizer use by applying more organic substances. This approach allows soil fertility to be preserved while maintaining high levels of plantation productivity. In the present research, particular attention was paid to potassium nutrition of apple trees. During 2020 and 2021, we studied the effect of potassium fertilizers in various standard amounts and silicon-modified potassium humate on the state of apple trees cv. Ligol grafted on 62-396 rootstock in the experimental orchard of I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center. The orchard was planted in 2018 according to a 1.2×4.5 m pattern (1852 trees per hectare). The experimental design was as follows: control (irrigation); full standard amount of N20P6K28 fertilizers; ¾ standard amount of N15P4K21 mineral fertilizers + ½ standard amount of potassium humate, ½ standard amount of N10P3K14 mineral fertilizers + ½ standard amount of potassium humate; full standard potassium humate amount of 10 L/ha. In 2020, the introduction of potassium humate provided the maximum yield, although without significant differences compared to the use of mineral fertilizers. In 2021, the yield was also at the level achieved with mineral fertilizers. Potassium humate provided a higher nitrogen content in the leaves as compared to mineral fertilizers, largely due to a significant increase in the availability of nitrogen and potassium in the soil. The content of available phosphorus was not significantly affected. This assumes that the effectiveness of humates depends on the soil type. The combined application of reduced standard amounts of mineral fertilizers and potassium humate contributed to maintenance of high yields under with a less dramatic increase in soil acidity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>калий</kwd><kwd>гумат калия</kwd><kwd>азот</kwd><kwd>фосфор</kwd><kwd>содержание элементов в почве и листьях</kwd><kwd>урожайность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>potassium</kwd><kwd>potassium humate</kwd><kwd>nitrogen</kwd><kwd>phosphorus</kwd><kwd>content of elements in soil and leaves</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzin A., Solovchenko A. Essential role of potassium in apple and its implications for management of orchard fertilization, Plants 2021;10(12):2624. DOI: 10.3390/plants10122624.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzin A., Solovchenko A. 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