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The development of scientific direction «Industrial intensive horticulture and its major achievements»

https://doi.org/10.18454/VSTISP.2016.4.2844

Abstract

The article reflects the long-term years results of research on the development of intensive horticulture in the South of Russia from the beginning of 60 years of last century. It is noted the role of G. V. Trusevich,Dr. Sci. Agr., Professor, honoured scientist of the RSFSR as the founder of the school of commercial horticulture in the South of Russia, who has been developed the elements of intensive horticulture system: the dense fruit trees placement, changing of the natural crowns form, the techniques of acceleration and increasing of fruiting. The questions of creation of the new gardens type through the revision of the principles and practices of industrial gardens cultivation on the basis of definition of the best construction with different density, of planting taking into account the peculiarities of variety-rootstocks combinations were reported. The new technologies for gardens intensive cultivation, ensured the increase in productivity, early fruiting and plant resistance to stress factors of environment are presented. It is given the characteristics of the apple rootstocks of NC (North Caucasus) series, created taking into account the specific conditions of regional horticulture and a great diversity of soil and climatic conditions of the South of Russia. The different intensity growth of apple rootstocks of NC series (very dwarf, dwarf, semi-dwarf) allows you to create the apple trees plantations with different intensity degree. The characteristics of the apple rootstocks for drought and frost resistance, heat resistance, early fruiting of variety-rootstock combinations is given. The questions of adaptation of apple rootstocks of different ecological and geographical origin to the conditions of the South of Russia are considered. It is revealed, that the apple rootstocks of domestic breeding possess the large reserve of the potential possibilities to be adapted to drought in the comparison with the introduced apple rootstocks of the foreign breeding. An alternative and more economical type of intensive orchard on semi-dwarf rootstock NC 2U is offered with high grafting of saplings and their deeply planting without a stationary support and with soil subsurface drip irrigation. It makes possible to reduce the initial costs for laying of the garden, that significantly increase the competitiveness of domestic horticultural products.

About the Authors

T. G. Prichko
North Caucasian regional scientific research institute of Horticulture and Viticulture
Russian Federation


I. L. Efimova
North Caucasian regional scientific research institute of Horticulture and Viticulture
Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Prichko T.G., Efimova I.L. The development of scientific direction «Industrial intensive horticulture and its major achievements». Horticulture and viticulture. 2016;(4):47-52. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18454/VSTISP.2016.4.2844

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ISSN 0235-2591 (Print)
ISSN 2618-9003 (Online)