Justification of model parameters for an industrial raspberry cultivar in Central Russia

In this study, the authors conduct a review of their own prior research, practical experience from farming enterprises, and both domestic and international scientific literature in order to refine the existing model for an industrial raspberry cultivar adapted to open-field cultivation in Central Russia. The proposed model comprises five blocks and more than 50 criteria, encompassing plant morphological and biological characteristics, adaptability indicators, productivity, fruit quality, and technological suitability. According to the model, the target cultivar should tolerate early-winter frosts down to -25 °C without damage, withstand midwinter temperatures as low as -40 °C, endure -25 °C immediately following a thaw, and survive repeated hardening at temperatures down to -30 °C. For everbearing raspberry cultivars, early crop maturation represents a key adaptive trait for Central Russia, implying the ability to complete fruiting and fully finish the growing season within a frost-free period of less than 150 days and a minimum sum of active temperatures of 20002200 °C. An essential requirement for new cultivars consists in their immunity or high resistance (not less than 4.0 points) to viral and fungal diseases under epiphytotic conditions. The primary objective of yield-oriented breeding is to develop cultivars with a productivity of at least 4.0 kg per bush and an average berry mass exceeding 5.5 g under manual harvesting and 3.5 g under mechanized harvesting. The target cultivar should also accumulate fruits with more than 10 % sugars, over 15 % soluble solids, 1.0-1.9 % organic acids, more than 50 mg/100 g of ascorbic acid, over 100 mg/100 g of anthocyanins, and more than 500 mg/100 g of polyphenols. The key requirements for raspberry fruit include a harmonious flavor profile with a rich aroma, increased firmness (>7 N), good detachment from the receptacle (0.3–0.7 N), and the ability to maintain quality during post-harvest storage for 10–15 days without significant deterioration. The proposed model serves as a framework for more targeted development of initial parental forms for hybridization, the creation of new commercial cultivars, and the overall improvement of breeding efficiency.

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