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Columnar apple varieties and promising breeding ways

https://doi.org/10.25556/VSTISP.2018.1.10497

Abstract

The possibility of improving the breeding process when creating apple varieties with a fundamentally new complex of characters is shown in this article. Breeding for the development of columnar, triploid and scab immune apple varieties is carried out at the Institute. Eight columnar varieties have been created, three of which have already been included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use (‘Priokskoye’, ‘Poezia’ and ‘Vostorg’). In 2017 it is suggested to replenish the zoned assortment of the Central-Chernozem Region with columnar variety ‘Girlianda’. ‘Zvezda Efi ra’ is suggested for State testing. Both varieties are characterized by winter maturing of fruit. Production-biological descriptions of these varieties are given. All mentioned columnar varieties have immunity to scab (Vf). At the Institute for the fi rst time in the breeding practice, a series of triploid varieties have been created. They have been obtained from the parents with different ploidy. Triploid varieties are characterized by more regular fruit-bearing by years, high fruit marketability and higher autogamy (‘Augusta’, ‘Aleksandr Boiko’, ‘Bezhin Lug’, ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Dariona’, ‘Maslovskoye’, ‘Ministr Kisilev’, ‘Orlovski Partizan’, ‘Osipovskoye’, ‘Patriot’ and ‘Yablochny Spas’). Triploid apple varieties having immunity to scab (3x + Vf) are of particular interest (‘Aleksandr Boiko’, ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Maslovskoye’ and ‘Yablochny Spas’). Two triploid varieties with scab immunity have also been obtained from crosses between two diploid varieties. Great perspectives in breeding are opened at the creation of varieties, which combine columnar habit (Co), scab immunity (Vf) and triploidy (3x). There are no such apple varieties in the nature yet. We have obtained more than hundred such hybrids. Several elite seedlings have been selected from them (variety candidates). We believe this apple breeding direction to be rather promising, because in the nearest future it can give fundamentally new apple varieties with a complex of valuable characteristics.

About the Authors

E. N. Sedov
FSBSI Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding
Russian Federation


G. A. Sedysheva
FSBSI Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding
Russian Federation


Z. M. Serova
FSBSI Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding
Russian Federation


T. V. Yanchuk
FSBSI Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding
Russian Federation


A. V. Pikunova
FSBSI Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding
Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Sedov E.N., Sedysheva G.A., Serova Z.M., Yanchuk T.V., Pikunova A.V. Columnar apple varieties and promising breeding ways. Horticulture and viticulture. 2018;(1):11-15. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25556/VSTISP.2018.1.10497

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ISSN 0235-2591 (Print)
ISSN 2618-9003 (Online)