Adaptation of culture of a sweet cherryto cultivation conditions in the south of Russia

The land use system under gardens in the south of Russia has no suffi cient compliance between the biological potential of cultures and resource capacity of the occupied territory. Fully it falls into culture of the sweet cherry showing increased requirements to soils and climate. Among the southern stone fruit crops sweet cherry on the winter hardiness concedes only to plum. Its wood tolerates the temperature to -28… -30 °C. The major limiting factors of climate are frosts during the spring period, a heat and a drought - in summer. Sweet cherry more others of the stone fruit crops is exacting to soils. It needs the loose soil, unfavorable hard loamy, clay, decanted. It is greatly demanding of air humidity. But abundance of humidity also causes a discomfort. In general, districts where average of absolute annual air temperatures falls not below -23 °C no more than in 20 % of winters are suitable for sweet cherry, the relative humidity of air during maturing does not rise higher than 70 %. That is the culture of sweet cherry for realization of its natural potential demands the corresponding conditions of the environment. It became possible to consider interrelation of a large number of biological, climatic and soil factors with the use of geoinformational technologies. Their important advantage is the possibility of carrying out the joint analysis of various level of complexity of a large number of information based on geostatistics, mathematical modeling operation and expert estimates. The results of studying of adaptability of sweet cherry to climatic, soil and relief factors of the south of Russia, which will be included in the scientifi c basis of effective technologies of cultivation of fruit crops to control the productivity of agro-ecosystems in complex landscapes of southern Russia based on geoinformational technologies, are presented. The computer maps had been received by geoinformational technologies.

черешня, юг России, условия среды, адаптация, оптимальное размещение, биоинформатика, sweet cherry, south of Russia, environment conditions, adaptation, optimal placement, bioinformatics

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