Embryo culture for preserving stone fruit (Prunus L.) embryos of different cross combinations and free pollination populations

The article studies the survival capacity of stone fruit (Prunus L.) embryos in nutrient media of diff erent mineral composition, with various growth regulators under conditions of in vitro culture. The studies were conducted in 2022-2023, with 364 initial explants in the fi rst year and 380 in the second year. Isolation of embryos of diff erent cross combinations, such as common plum (Prunus domestica L.), cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera L.), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), sloe (Prunus spinosa L.), and free pollination populations was carried out between June, 21 and July, 19. The study used four modifi ed nutrient media: Murashige-Skoog (MS) (75 % of total macronutrient content) with addition of the following: 1 – 0.5 mg/L forchlorfenuron (CPPU), 2 – 0.5 mg/L indolebutyric acid (IBA) + 0.5 mg/L indolylacetic acid (IAA); Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL,) with the addition of: 3 – 0.5 mg/L CPPU, 4 – 0.75 mg/L IBA + 0.75 mg/L IAA. The results indicate the feasibility of using both MS with diluted mineral part of macronutrients up to 75 % (from total amount) and QL for preserving embryos of intraspecifi c and interspecifi c hybrids of stone fruit crops. Moreover, at the stage of isolating embryos the use of nutrient media MS with diluted mineral part of macronutrients up to 75 % (of full content) and QL provides obtaining of high-quality isolated explants of stone fruit crops (Prunus L.). At that, the survival capacity was higher on the QL nutrient medium in case the parental forms included the cherry plum variety Kubanskaya Kometa. In the majority of Prunus L. cross combinations, a higher (up to 100 %) frequency of initial embryo development was achieved by adding 0.5 mg/L CPPU to nutrient media (regardless of mineral composition). Therefore, it is advisable to use both MS-based and QL-based media in equal proportions to obtain over 33 % of developed embryos while initiating stone fruit embryos of controlled cross combinations and free pollination populations into in vitro culture. 

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