Modern approaches to developing production processes for initialand basic-category grapevine planting material

A production procedure for grapevine seedlings and other planting material was developed, which includes the following stages: identification of primary breeding material, followed by cultivar evaluation, clonal selection, and phytosanitary screening; diagnostic testing of selected material for viruses, phytoplasmas, viroids, and bacteria; sanitation by chemoand thermotherapy and in vitro culture; repeated testing for pathogens; and establishment of mother plants of the “initial” category in a phytotron. The procedure also incorporates mandatory diagnostic testing of candidate plants, verification of cuttings collected from these plants, repeated testing following sanitation treatments (thermotherapy, chemotherapy, and in vitro culture), and continuous phytosanitary monitoring of mother plant collections. To minimize the risk of reinfection, mother plants should be maintained exclusively under greenhouse conditions. In accordance with Order No. 525 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (24 May 2023), the cultivar and phytosanitary evaluation of initial-category mother plants is carried out only after plants have completed their second growing season. Standardized production protocols were developed for the initial-category grapevine planting material. These include cultivar and phytosanitary evaluation of grapevine plantings, selection of candidate plants, production of initial-category planting material, and establishment of initial-category mother plant collections under protected cultivation. The production of basic-category planting material includes site selection and pre-plant soil preparation, preparation of cuttings for nursery planting, establishment of a grapevine nursery using cuttings, nursery management, lifting of seedlings, and certification as basic-category planting material. These production protocols were subsequently used to estimate production costs and evaluate production efficiency.

1. Egorov E. A., Shadrina Zh. A., Kochyan G. A. Increasing the technological and economic efficiency of nursery production based on processes biologization, International Scientific Online-Conference «Bioengineering in the Organization of Processes Concerning Breeding and Reproduction of Perennial Crops», Krasnodar: Sciences. 2020;25:01001. DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202501001.

2. Kholodova M. A. Planning and forecasting of agricultural development. Taganrog: Izd-vo YUzhnogo federal’nogo universiteta, 2022, 346 s. (in Russ).

3. Petrov V. S. According to the opinion of the senior researcher, the regulatory and technological foundations and organization of the production of certified grape planting material, Plodovodstvo i yagodovodstvo Rossii. 2018;52:77-81. EDN: XMSYIX. (in Russ).

4. Egorov E. A., Kuznetsova A. P., Shadrina Zh. A. et al. Technologies and technological maps for growing certified clone root-stocks of stone crops. Krasnodar: Severo-Kavkazskij federal’nyj nauchnyj centr sadovodstva, vinogradarstva, vinodeliya, 2022, 118 s. (in Russ).

5. Normativno-spravochnye materialy po planirovaniyu mekhanizirovannyh rabot v sel’skohozyajstvennom proizvodstve. M.: Rosinformagrotekh, 2008, 316 s. (in Russ).

6. Seget O. L., Petrov V. S. Thermotherapy in the production system of healthy grape planting material, Problems of the development of the agroindustrial complex of the region. 2022;1(49):174-179. DOI: 10.52671/20790996_2022_1_174. (in Russ).

7. Jiménez C. et al. Looking for old grapevine varieties, Vitis. 2019;58(2):59-60. EDN: HJYQKX

8. Kovalenko T. V., Tikhonova N. G., Khlestkina E. K. et al. Regeneration of grapes in vitro culture, Plant biotechnology and breeding. 2022;5(4):39-54. DOI: 10.30901/2658-6266-2022-4-o1. (in Russ).

9. Klimenko V. P., Pavlova I. A. In vitro health improvement of grape plants from viral diseases, Russkij vinograd. 2018;7:76-83. EDN: XZRQMH. (in Russ).

10. Egorov E. A., Shadrina Zh. A., Kochyan G. A. et al. Current aspects of the production of planting grapes of the highest quality categories, Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka. 2025;4:29-36. DOI: 10.7868/S3034582025040065. (in Russ).

11. Pusyrnova V. G., Doroshenko N. P. Ways to reduce the cost of production of planting material in vitro culture, Russkij vinograd. 2023;24:27-35. DOI: 10.32904/2712-8245-2023-24-27-35. (in Russ).

12. Yurchenko E. G. Phytosanitary state of vineyards: challenges and solutions, Plant protection and quarantine. 2021;10:3-9. DOI: 10.47528/1026-8634_2021_10_3. (in Russ).