Apple-tree varieties of Gorno-Altaysk breeding in the assortment of Siberia

Abstract

The purpose of breeding of apple trees in the low mountains of Altai is the systematic improvement of the assortment of culture in Siberia. The main method of breeding was the geographically remote intersocross crossings and seed sowing from free pollination. Modern varieties are the third and fourth generation of Malus baccata. As a result of a purposeful long-term work on the breeding of apple trees by the staff of the Department of mountain horticulture of Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia in Gorno-Altaisk 34 varieties of apple were created, 14 of which were included in the State register of breeding achievements and were allowed to use in the 10th region (Western Siberia). Since 2007, the assortment has qualitatively replenished with the varieties with the summer period of consumption of the fruits (Tolunay, Shushenskoe), with the autumn maturity of the fruits (Altynai, Bayan, Poklon Shukshinu, Surkhurai), with the winter term of consumption (Gorny Sinap). These varieties are adaptive to the severe conditions of the winter period of Siberia and have a high regenerative capacity after damage during critical winter periods, early ripening, high yielding, with regular fruit bearing, resistant to scab, with an average fruit mass from 56 to 97 g and maximum to 170 g.