Evaluation of Dagestan apple varieties for resistance to scab: search for new, potential sources of given trait

In the presented work results of scab resistance evaluation for several Dagestan apple varieties, both modern, and indigenous breeding, in the conditions of the Kubanzone of horticulture, are given. Scab resistance evaluation was carried out during two consecutive years on an arti fi cial and natural infectious background using a qualitative and quantitative scale of estimation. An arti fi cial scab inoculation was created by infecting apple varieties with a complex inoculum, including four monospore isolates of scab that have different variety and geographical origins. As a result of the performed work, it was revealed that the varieties Dagestanskoe zimnee, Renet Buinakskiy and Gornoe (4-5 points of damage) had the greatest susceptibility to scab. They, along with the fact that the spots of lesions occupied a signi fi cant part of the leaf and often merged among themselves, forming areas of continuous damage, there was abundant sporulation. At the same time, it was revealed that the Mig-ints (indigenous variety) and the modern varieties Yubileynoe Alibekova, Battalovskoye, in which the Mig-ints variety is a parental form, exhibit resistance, characterized by the presence of chlorotic and necrotic zones around lesions with weak sporulation. At the same time, the Kazanishchenskoe variety, which also has the Mig-ints variety as a parental form, exhibited a reaction intermediate between the total susceptibility and the Mig-ints reaction. According to the quantitative assessment scale, the degree of damage was higher in the given variety than in the Mig-Ints, Yubileynoe Alibekova and Battalovskoye, however, on the qualitative scale, the revealed type of reaction with a low level of sporulation was similar to the indicated varieties. It can be assumed that this is a consequence of the polygenic nature of resistance in a given variety, which determines the complex nature of inheritance of the trait. On the basis of the data obtained, it is suggested that the Mig-ints and its progenies varieties may have a probable presence of a monogenic resistance or a group of genes that determine this type of scab resistance reaction. For further elucidation the nature of resistance, development of mapping population has been initiated.

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