Comparative biochemical composition of apple fruits of domestic and foreign varieties

Abstract

The aim of the study was a comparative study of the biochemical composition of the apple fruits of domestic varieties and hybrids, suitable for organic farming, not inferior to the best in the world in terms of content of biologically active compounds. The biochemical composition of 13 apple varieties of diff erent geographical origin was studied by representative methods. It is proved that the antioxidant activity of apples grown in the Moscow region is 3-5 % higher than the antioxidant activity of imported varieties. The relationship between the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract obtained from fresh fruits, titratable acidity (r = 0.58549) and ascorbic acid content (r = 0.468335) was established. The varieties Golden delicious, Granny Smith and Royal Gala are not superior to the content of the most important biologically active substances the new varieties and hybrids of All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. Gallic acid was most found in apples hybrid 1 (0.075 mg/g) and varieties Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Chinese Kerr, Mayak Zagorya, Podarok Grafskomy, Marat Busurin, Lobo and Royal Gala (average 0.063 mg/g). In apple varieties Granny Smith and Golden delicious, the content of gallic acid was 1.3-2 times less compared to a hybrid 1. The content of chlorogenic acid in fruits was on average 25-45 % more than the gallic. The order of accumulation of elements in fruits and their total content was established. Diff erences in the composition of carbohydrates in the studied fruits were revealed.