Scientific basis for the effective use of predatory fungi-hypomycetes in the fight against parasitic nematodes of plants

There are more than 3000 species of phytoparasitic nematodes affecting almost all species of cultivated plants; therefore, the elaboration of scientifically based methods of biological plant protection from nematodes is urgent. The most common natural regulators of nematode abundance are predatory fungi, hyphomycetes, whose ability to destroy nematodes has been known for more than 130 years. The article provides information on biologically active compounds and their role in the mechanism of predation of fungi. It was also suggested that calcium plays an important role in the contractile structures involved in the release of adhesives from traps and the penetration of the fungus into the body of the nematode. Bioecological studies conducted by the author, indicate a large role for the predatory fungi chlamydospores, which are the life form of their existence in the soil. It is shown that the population of predatory fungi of the Arthrobotrys genus, placed in the soil, is stabilized due to their ability not only to survive, but also to reproduce with chlamydospores, which allowed to justify the production of dry and liquid forms of the drug. The authors, while isolating the drug-producing strains, were guided by the fact that the most common species should have adaptation to different conditions, including the fungistasis of the soil. The data on three strains were given – the producers of a biological product, revealed on the territory of theNovosibirskregion. Tests of different forms of the drug were conducted in vegetative and field experiments with respect to gall, stem and cyst nematodes on cucumber, tomato, strawberry, and potato cultures, which showed the effectiveness and prolonged action of predatory fungi against parasitic nematodes. It is suggested that it is necessary to study the effect of nematophagous fungi on plant viruses that can be transmitted by nematodes. As basis can serve studies conducted in the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, on the antiviral activity of the studied species in relation to a number of viruses pathogenic for humans.

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