Realization of biological potential of plum-trees ( Prunus domestica L. ) in plantings with various designs of the crone

Experimental data on studying small-sized designs of crones in an intensive plum garden are submitted. At formation of flat crones it was possible to reduce the sizes of trees considerably: to lower height on 20-60 %, volume of a crone -in 1,6-3,5 times. Due to this began possible to place without deterioration of a light mode up to 1000-1666 piece/ha and it is more rational to use the allocated area of a feed. In conditions of the Moscow area the variety Pamyat’ Timiryazeva was characterized by stably high annual fructification (20-30 kg / tree). At a variety Utro marked moderate annual loading a crop (7-15 kg / tree). Astable fructification was typical of a variety Tul’skaya chernaya: from 40 kg / tree in 2007 up to 0,1 kg / tree in 2010 and 2011. Decrease of productivity plums occured within to spring frosts (2008) and after abnormal heat (2010-2011). High efficiency of formation of new designs of crones at trees plums is shown at the condensed accommodation. Average productivity of plantings with small-sized flat crones has made 17,8 t/ha, in variant of a «fruit wall»-17,4 t/ha, and at-12,7 t/ha traditional a scrap. High-quality specificity on carrying out forming scraps is revealed. On the average for years of fructification the design of a small-sized flat crone and the condensed accommodation of trees at a variety Pamyat’ Timiryazeva have allowed to receive an increase of a crop in 7 t/ ha. Productivity of a variety Tul’skaya chernaya in plantings with flat crones has increased with 10,9 t/ha up to 16,5 t/ha. At a variety Utro the increase of productivity was a «fruit wall» essential only in variant and has made 40 %. The total crop for 8 years of fructification in experience by the greatest was at trees of a variety Pamyat’ Timiryazeva in variant of a small-sized crone (203,6 t/ha). On a variety this parameter varied Utro in dependence of a design of a crone: from 69,8 (control) up to 98,2 t/ha (a «fruit wall»). The greatest effect from formation of new crones has been received from well branching varieties plums (Tul’skaya chernaya, Pamyat’ Timiryazeva). For a variety Utro with small loading fruit formations increase of productivity was observed at formation of a «fruit wall».

слива, сорт, рост, обрезка, крона, продуктивность, plum, variety, growth, pruning, crone, efficiency

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