Biochemical composition of peach fruits in the subtropical regions of Russia

The research results of studies into different peach varieties grown on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory and distinguished by high biochemical characteristics are presented. The research was carried out to identify promising peach varieties with different ripening periods and relative resistance to abiotic environmental factors. This work aimed to assess the biochemical composition of Persica vulgaris (Mill.) fruits. The peach varieties listed below were the focus of this study. A high quantity of ascorbic acid (from 11.30 to 16.16 mg%) was revealed in the fruits of the following varieties: Amsden, Redhaven, Veteran, Early Red, Springold, Larisa, Lebedev, Mainred, Slavny and Stark Earley White. The low content of this vitamin (9.21-10.05 mg%) was measured in Madeleine Pouillet (very early ripening), Sunbeam (medium ripening) and Anton Chekhov (late ripening) varieties. This is significantly lower (on average 6.53 mg%) compared to other varieties and to the control Redhaven variety, for which the value was 2.38 mg%. The maximum content of total sugar (8.66-12.11 %) was detected for Lebedev, Earley Red, Redhaven, Larisa and Veteran, whereas the minimum content (6.15-7.33 %) was noted for Madeleine Pouillet, Amsden, Stark Earley White, Collins, Mainred, Anton Chekhov and Glorious. The free acidity of the fruit according to the experiment was at the level of 0.67–1.39 %. High acidity was noted in the Springold, Amsden, Collins, Sunbeam and Slavny varieties. The content of soluble solids ranged between 11.00-15.50 %. The sugar-acid ratio, which indicates the degree of sweetness of peach fruits, corresponded to 5.65-14.58 units. The tasting assessment of the fruit was between 3.5 to 4.8 (on a five-point scale). The varieties having high biochemical parameters of the fruit and are most resistant to weather and climate changes have been identified: Redhaven, Earley Red, Lebedev, Larisa and Veteran.

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