Physiologico-biochemical evaluationof combined stability in different ecologo-geographical origin cultivars of apple to abiotic stress factorsof summer period in southern region of Russia

Abstract

The adaptive stability of the types of the apple tree of different ploidy and different ecological- geographical origin to the complex of the abiotic stress factors of the summer period of the south of Russia was studied. It is revealed by physiological biochemical methods, that for the duration of the summer period of 2011-2013 yr. water content in the leaves in the studied types was reduced. Triploids Union, Rodnichek, diploid Fortune and type Deuton of American selection were characterized by larger water content in the leaves. It is established that the portion of the preferred influence of separate osmoprotektors on the stability of the cells of leaves to the dehydration depends on weather conditions. The types of the apple tree of domestic selection in contrast to the introduced types possess the combined stability to the stress factors of summer period (to drought and to heat). The introduced types of the apple tree Aydared, Erli Mak, Deuton (selections of the USA) and Ligol (Polish selection) are sufficiently resistant to the drought, which makes it possible to use them in the selective process as the sources of the sign of drought resistance. During the period of 2011-2013 yr. the introduced types of the apple tree оf Aydared, Deuton (selections of the USA) and Ligol (Polish selection) and also type of domestic selection Union and Rodnichek proved to be more harvest.