

Variations in growth and biochemical parameters in annual cherry plants under the infl uence of growth regulators
https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2023-6-33-40
Abstract
This study addresses the influence of the Applin drug on the growth and biochemical parameters of the leaves in three annual cultivars of cherries (Tyutchevka, Podarok Ryazani and Chermashnaya) grafted onto the Izmailovsky rootstock. The research was carried out in 2021-2022 both in field and laboratory conditions at the Federal Horticultural Centre for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. It was established that following treatment with Applin, the biometric indicators improved, with the yield of branched annual cherry seedlings increasing to 100 %. The treatment and removal of apical leaves stimulated the formation and growth of lateral branches in annual plants. The number of lateral shoots in experimental plants of the Chermashnaya cultivars increased by 6 times, while in the Tyutchevka and Podarok Ryazani cultivars, it increased by 3-4 times relative to the control. Growth regulators induced an increase in the average length of lateral shoots to 30-50 cm in all cultivars. The total length of the branches in the experimental Chermashnaya cultivar was 118.5 cm, which is 6.7 times higher than in the control. The other two cultivars exhibited a 4–4.5 times increase in total growth in treated plants compared with the control. Biochemical studies revealed an increase in photosynthetic pigment content in leaves following Applin treatment. The total content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity exhibited significant changes. A positive correlation (r = 0.709) was observed between the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract and the amount of phenolic compounds. The content of chlorophylls (a+b) in the leaves of treated plants increased by 5-10%. Depending on the cultivar, the content of carotenoids varied from 1.1 to 1.8 mg/g, remaining practically constant following treatment. All cultivars showed an increase in the “chlorophyll (a+b)/carotenoids” ratio. Applin treatment also influenced the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, stimulating an increase in the content of carbohydrates (fructose, sucrose, turanose, and trehalose) and phenolic compounds (quinic and chlorogenic acids) in cherry plant leaves
Keywords
About the Authors
G. Yu. UpadyshevaRussian Federation
Upadysheva G. Yu., PhD (Agric.), Leading Researcher, Department of Agricultural Technologies in Horticulture
4, Zagorevskaya str., Moscow, 115598
M. E. Mertvishchev
Russian Federation
Mertvishcheva M. E., Research associate, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Physiology of Agricultural Plants
4, Zagorevskaya str., Moscow, 115598
D. V. Panishcheva
Russian Federation
Panishcheva D. V., Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Physiology of Agricultural Plants
4, Zagorevskaya str., Moscow, 115598
References
1. Упадышева Г. Ю., Мотылёва С. М., Тумаева Т. А., Мертвищева М. Е. Агробиологические и биохимические аспекты изучения привойно-подвойных комбинаций черешни. Садоводство и виноградарство. 2019;5:47-53. Upadysheva G. Yu., Motylyova S. M., Tumaeva T. A., Mertvishcheva M. E. Agrobiological and biochemical aspects of the study of graft-rootstock combinations of cherries. Sadovodstvo I vinogradarstvo. 2019; 5: 47-53. (In Russ.).
2. Садовски А. Ветвление и рост однолеток двух сортов яблони на разных подвоях и при разной высоте окулировки: Современные проблемы плодоводства. Самохваловичи, 1995, 66-67. Sadovski A. Branching and growth of one-year-olds of two apple varieties on diff erent rootstocks and at diff erent height of oculation: Sovremennye problem plodovodstva. Samohvalovichi, 1995, 66-67. (In Russ.).
3. Муханин И. В., Григорьева Л. В., Ершова О. А., Кожина А. И. Основные требования к посадочному материалу для закладки шпалерно-карликовых садов. Вестник Казанского ГАУ. 2011;6;3 (21):150-153. Muhanin I. V., Grigor’eva L. V., Ershova O. A., Kozhina A. I. Basic requirements for planting material for laying trellis-dwarf gardens. Vestnik Kazanskogo GAU. 2011;6;3(21):150-153. (In Russ.).
4. Elfving D. C., Visser D. B. Timing cyclanilide and cytokinin application in the nursery to obtain desired lateral branch height in apple and sweet cherry threes. Hort Science. 2006;41(5):1238-1242.
5. Gąstoł M., Domagała-Swiątkiewicz I., Bijak М. Th e effect of different bioregulators on lateral shoot formation in maiden apple trees .Folia Horticulturae Ann. 2012;24 (2):147-152.
6. Robinson T. L., Sazo M. M. Effect of promalin, benzyladenine and cyclanilide on lateral branching of apple threes in the nursery. Acta Hort. 2014;1042:293-302.
7. Steiner M., Hrotko K., Vegvari G. Performance of hormonal content and branching of apple nursery threes aft er BA (6-benzyladenine) application. Acta Hort. 2011;981:419-42.
8. Magyar L., Hrotko K. Effect of BA (6-benzyladenine) and GA4+7 on feathering of sweet cherry cultivars in the nursery. Acta Hort. 2005;667:417-422.
9. Sazo M. M., RobinsonT. L. Th e use of plant growth regulators for branching of nursery trees in NY State. Th e New York Fruit Quarterly. 2011;19(2):5-9.
10. Saracoglu O., Cebe U. Cyclanilide treatments increase lateral branching of apple and pear nursery trees. Applied ecology and environmental research. 2018.16(4):4575-4583.
11. Prichko T. G., Oplachko R. A., Karpushina M. V. Effi ciency of a biological growth regulator in the cultivation of branched seedlings. BIO Web of Conferences: International Scientifi c and Practical Conference «Innovative Technologies in Agriculture» (ITIA 2022), Orel: EDP Sciences, 2022;47:08003. DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224708003.
12. Ipek M., Arikan Ş., Pirlak L., Eşitken A. Effect of different treatments on branching of some apple trees in nursery. Erwerbs-Obstbau. 2017;59:119-122.
13. Королёв Е. Ю. Влияние агротехнических приемов на качество саженцев яблони, Плодоводство и ягодоводство России. 2016;46:154-157. Korolyov E. Yu. Th e influence of agrotechnical techniques on the quality of apple seedlings. Plodovodstvo i yagodovodstvo Rossii. 2016;46:154-157. (In Russ.)
14. Алферов В. А. Стимуляция образования преждевременных побегов у саженцев яблони в питомнике. Садоводство и виноградарство. 2011;6:26-29. Alferov V. A. Stimulation of the formation of premature shoots in apple seedlings in the nursery. Sadovodstvo i vinogradarstvo. 2011;6:26-29. (In Russ.)
15. Бурлак В. А. Ветвление саженцев сортов черешни в питомнике. Известия сельскохозяйственной науки Тавриды. 2018;15(178):42-46. Burlak V. A. Branching of seedlings of cherry varieties in the nursery. Izvestiya sel’skohozyajstvennoj nauki Tavridy. 2018;15 (178):42-46. (In Russ.)
16. Кинаш Г. А. Эффективные агроприемы стимулирования кронообразования однолетних саженцев сливы в южной степи Украины. Современное садоводство. 2013;3(7):125-127. Kinash G. A. Effective agricultural methods for stimulating crown formation of annual plum seedlings in the southern steppe of Ukraine. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo. 2013;3(7):125-127. (In Russ)
17. Коваленко О. В. Использование агротехнологических приёмов для получения разветвлённых саженцев черешни в питомнике, Известия сельскохозяйственной науки Тавриды. Симферополь. 2020;29(192):117-124. Kovalenko O. V. Ispol’zovanie agrotekhnologicheskih priyomov dlya polucheniya razvetvlyonnyh sazhencev chereshni v pitomnike. Izvestiya sel’skohozyajstvennoj nauki Tavridy. Simferopol’. 2020;29(192):117-124. (In Russ)
18. Оплачко Р. А. Хозяйственно-биологическая оценка слаборослых клоновых подвоев яблони для производства посадочного материала с высокой окулировкой. Дисс. на соиск. уч. ст. к. с/х наук. Краснодар, 2019, 146 с. Oplachko R. A. Economic and biological assessment of lowgrowth clonal rootstocks of apple trees for the production of planting material with high oculation. Diss. Na soisk. uch. st. k. s/h nauk. Krasnodar, 2019, 146 s. (In Russ)
19. Каширская О. В. Ветвление однолетних саженцев яблони под влиянием агротехнических приёмов. Вестник Мич ГАУ. 2011;1(1):55-58. Kashirskaya O. V. Branching of annual apple seedlings under the influence of agrotechnical techniques, Vestnik Mich GAU. 2011;1(1):55-58. (In Russ)
20. Чупрынин А. Ю., Григорьева Л. В. Влияние агротехнических мероприятий и биологически активных веществ на ветвление однолетних саженцев яблони: Научные основы эффективного садоводства: тр. ВНИИ садоводства им. И. В. Мичурина. Мичуринск, 2006, 161-166. Chuprynin A. Yu., Grigor’eva L. V. Th e influence of agrotechnical measures and biologically active substances on the branching of annual apple seedlings: Nauchnye osnovy eff ektivnogo sadovodstva: tr. VNIIsadovodstva im. I.V. Michurina. Michurinsk, 2006, 161-166. (In Russ)
21. Танкевич В. В., Сотник А. И. Отдельные приёмы получения разветвлённых саженцев груши. Плодоводство и ягодоводство России. 2021;64:77-82. https://doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2021-64-77-82 Tankevich V. V., Sotnik A. I. Separate techniques for obtaining branched pear seedlings. Plodovodstvo i yagodovodstvo Rossii. 2021;64:77-82. https://doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2021-64-77-82 (In Russ)
22. Безух Е. П., Зыков А. В. Приёмы стимуляции ветвления однолетних саженцев яблони и груши при их выращивании в малогабаритных плёночных теплицах. АгроЭкоИнженерия. 2021;2 (107):80-88. Bezuh E. P., Zykov A. V. Techniques for stimulating the branching of annual apple and pear seedlings when they are grown in small-sized fi lm greenhouses. Agro Eko Inzheneriya. 2021;2(107):80-88. (In Russ)
23. Aremu A. O., Moyo M., Amoo S. O. [et al.] Effect of a novel aromatic cytokinin derivative on phytochemical levels and antioxidant potential in greenhouse grown Merwillaplumbea. Plant Cell. Tissue and Organ Culture. 2014;119(3):501-509. DOI: 10.1007/s11240-014-0550-0.
24. Upadysheva G. Yu., Motyleva S. M., Tumaeva T. A., Mertvischeva M. E., Upadyshev M. T. Study of frost resistance of generative buds of scion/rootstock combinations of sweet cherry by freezing in controled conditions. E3S Web of Conferences/254/02012(2021). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3scnf/202125402012.
25. Упадышева Г. Ю. Разработка элементов технологии выращивания разветвлённых саженцев черешни. Плодоводство и ягодоводство России. 2022;70:75-82. DOI: 10.31676/2073-4948-2022-70-75-82 Upadysheva G. Yu. Development of elements of technology for growing branched cherry seedlings. Plodovodstvo i yagodovodstvo Rossii. 2022;70:75-82. DOI: 10.31676/2073-4948-2022-70-75-82 (In Russ)
26. Программа и методика сортоизучения плодовых, ягодных и орехоплодных культур: под ред. Е. Н. Седова. Орел: ВНИИСПК, 1999, 608 с. Program and methodology of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops: pod red. E. N. Sedova. Orel: VNIISPK, 1999, 608 s. (In Russ)
27. Brand-Williams W., Cuvelier M. E., Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie. 1995;28;1:25-30. doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
28. Velioglu Y. S., Mazza G., Gao L., Oomah B. D. Mint: Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998:46(10):4113-4117. DOI: 10.1021/jf9801973.
29. Lichtenthaler H. K. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods Enzymol. 1987;148:350-382.
30. Доспехов Б. А. Методика полевого опыта (с основами статистической обработки результатов исследований). М., 2012, 352 с. Dospekhov B. A. Methodology of field experience (with the basics of statistical processing of research results). M., 2012, 352 s. (In Russ)
31. Чупрынин А. Ю. Агробиологическая оценка сортоподвойных комбинаций яблони и элементов технологии в питомнике: автореф. дисс. на соиск. уч. ст. канд. с/х н. Мичуринск -Наукоград, 2009, 22 с. Chuprynin A. Yu. Agrobiological assessment of varietal-rootstock combinations of apple trees and technology elements in the nursery: avtoref. diss. nasoisk. uch. st.kand. s/h n. Michurinsk -Naukograd, 2009, 22 s. (In Russ)
32. Алферов В. А. Стимуляция образования преждевременных побегов у саженцев яблони в питомнике, Садоводство и виноградарство. 2011;6:26-29. Alferov V. A. Stimulation of the formation of premature shoots in apple seedlings in the nursery. Sadovodstvo i vinogradarstvo. 2011;6:26-29. (In Russ)
33. Белоус О. Г., Платонова Н. Б. Влияние экзогенных регуляторов роста на ростовые процессы и работу фотосинтетического аппарата растений карликого мандарина (Citrus unshiu Marc.). Садоводство и виноградарство. 2020;6:18-23. Belous O. G., Platonova N. B. Th e influence of exogenous growth regulators on the growth processes and the work of the photosynthetic apparatus of dwarf mandarin plants (Citrus unshiu Marc.). Sadovodstvo I vinogradarstvo. 2020;6:18-23.(In Russ)
Review
For citations:
Upadysheva G.Yu., Mertvishchev M.E., Panishcheva D.V. Variations in growth and biochemical parameters in annual cherry plants under the infl uence of growth regulators. Horticulture and viticulture. 2023;(6):33-40. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2023-6-33-40