Age variability of the productivity of blackcurrant bush and effective term of industrial cultivation of plantings

V. Ph. Vorobyov; V. V. Chromenko; E. A. Tut’; M. M. Salikhov; L. A. Prineva

doi:10.18454/VSTISP.2016.6.3916

Age variability of the productivity of blackcurrant bush and effective term of industrial cultivation of plantings

V. Ph. Vorobyov, V. V. Chromenko, E. A. Tut’, M. M. Salikhov, L. A. Prineva

https://doi.org/10.18454/VSTISP.2016.6.3916

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Abstract

The main components of increase of production efficiency of berries of blackcurrant are the choice of varieties, laying of plantings, maintenance before and during fructification, the duration of operation of plantings, the organization of harvesting and its wholesale cost. In this regard the purpose of our researches was the determination of effective term of the industrial cultivation of plantings of blackcurrant. During 9 years of monitoring of efficiency of 23 varieties were carried out on the same agricultural conditions, without irrigation. The frequency of each variety of bushes is 5 on 3 allotments located in randomized mode. Scheme of placement is 3,0×0,7 m. The costs of the planting and cultivation was determined by standard flow charts and the yield by the average in the 9 years of fructification. The regression analysis was carried out in Chebyshev’s way. It has been established that efficiency of bushes of blackcurrant significantly had differed by years of fructification. It is due to the biological characteristics of variety, the influence of abiotic factors and age of plants. Fluctuations of the actual productivity by years of fructification didn’t reflect adequately age variability. The regression analysis has shown that the efficiency depending on age of plants changes on a convex parabola, reaching a maximum for the 5th year of fructification, and after the sixth year begins to decrease sharply. For the 9th year the efficiency was 11 % lower, than at the beginning of fructification and the tendency of decrease will proceed. Standard costs on laying of 1 hectare were 314,8 thousand rubles, on maintenance for two years prior to fructification were 49,3 thousand rubles, in the year of fructification in combine harvesting were 54,7 thousand rubles. The age of planting to this term was 11 years. For calculation the profit we used an analytical curve of dependence of productivity in 9 years of fructification on average on varieties. For all years of fructification, on average on varieties, the productivity wasn’t lower than 44,3 c/hectare, and maximum has reached 74,3 c/hectare. In the first year of fructification the productivity was 50,0 c/hectare, and the profit was 207,0 thousand rubles. Till 8 years of operation of planting the productivity and the profit increased and reached 74,0 c/hectare and 358,0 thousand rubles respectively. At 11-year age of planting the yield has decreased to 44,3 c/hectare and the profit to 175,0 thousand rubles. In view of irreversible falling of yield it is necessary to assume that at 12-13 summer age the exploitation of plantings won’t be profitable. Taking into account a complex of factors, efficiency of blackcurrant will be profitable to 12-year age of plantings.