Efficiency of cherry depending on term of orchard exploitation

Abstract

Results of long-term researches on cultivation of cherry in intensive planting are submitted. The goal of work was to identify the optimal efficiency and durability of scion-rootstock combinations of cherries on the basis of monitoring of productivity during the 18-year period of plantations exploitation. The efficiency of trees of 12 scion-rootstock combinations at cultivation according to the planting scheme 5×2,5 m (800 trees/ha) in conditions of the Leninsky district of the Moscow region was studied. The dependence of the cherry yield on weather conditions, the scion-rootstock combination and the exploitation period was established. Safety of trees of the majority of combinations was up to standard of 85-100 % till 12-th year of cultivation. Stable annual fructifi cation was typical of late-ripening varieties Apuchtinskaya and Rusinka. Varieties Volochaevka and Molodeznaya were without crops in 2006 after a severe winter and significantly were reduced the productivity in the years with spring frosts (2004 and 2008). The maximum level of productivity (higher than 10 t/ha) during full fructifi cation (6-11 year of exploitation of a garden) is marked at variety Apuchtinskaya on all rootstocks. This variety was also the most short-lived. By 2016, about 60 % of the tree varieties Apuchtinskaya fell, and the preserved efficiency was decreased in 2 times in comparison with 2009. Reduction of safetyand effi ciency on 16-18 years was typical for the varieties Rusinka and Molodeznaya on rootstocks Moskovia and AVCh-2. The most durable and productive combinations were revealed: Volochaevka on Moskovia and AVCh-2, Molodeznaya on Moskovia, Molodeznaya and Rusinka on Izmaylovskiy with productivity more than 3 t/ha for 18-th year of exploitation of garden.