The tasks of breeding and acceleration of the introduction of new apple varieties in production

In connection with rapidly changing and constantly increasing demands for new apple varieties, the main task of breeders is to create them in the shortest possible time and in accordance with the requirements of production. The article contains requirements for 24 indicators, which must correspond to the modern variety. For more than 60 years, more than 50 new varieties have been created and zoned by a cohesive interdisciplinary team of researchers and support staff of the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (ARRIFCB) , including 20 first domestic varieties, immune to scab; from intervalent crossings for the first time in the world a series of triploid varieties was obtained, characterized by greater regularity of fruiting over the years, better marketability and weight of fruits, increased self-fertility; columnar apple varieties with high fruit qualities for super intensive orchards were created. It is shown how the problem of reduced time for breeding new varieties is being solved through improved breeding techniques and the balancing stages of the breeding process in time and space. If in 1950s at average 43 years were spent from the hybridization till the including of a variety into the State Register of Breeding Achievements then in 1960s it was 33 years, in 1980s -26 and in 1990s - 21 years. From the including of a variety into the State Register of Breeding Achievements till its broad introducing into production lots of years pass both in this country and abroad. Well-known in Central Russia the varieties ‘Sinap orlovsky’, ‘Orlik’ and ‘Orlovskoye Polosatoye’ appeared in industrial and amateur orchards across 27 to 30 years . To accelerate the introduction of new apple varieties into production it is suggested to start the production testing of the best varieties in breeding institutions when transferring them into state testing, in addition to the production testing should be conducted in large industrial and farm enterprises on the base of the agreement providing mutual responsibilities of the research institution and administration of the enterprise. It is noted that in Russia there is a sufficient assortment of new domestic apple varieties suitable for the import substitution of fruit production.

яблоня, селекция, сорта, совершенствование сортимента, ускоренное сортообновление, apple, breeding, varieties, assortment improvement, accelerated variety updating

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