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Essentially new apple varieties with fruit of high marketable and consumer qualities

https://doi.org/10.18454/VSTISP.2017.3.6292

Abstract

The results of apple breeding for 60 years at All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding are shown. Methods of geographically remote crossings with involving North-American and Canadian varieties and repeated hybridization were used at the first stage of breeding on the basis of deep study of the features of the ontogenetic development of apple seedlings. Apple varieties ‘Orlik’, ‘Orlovskoye Polosatoye’, ‘Veteran’, ‘Ranneye Aloye’, ‘Pamyat Voinu’, etc. have been obtained. These varieties are widely distributed in the industrial and amateur orchards now. Since 1976 a large-scale target work for breeding scab immune varieties has been carried out at the Institute. Over 20 apple varieties have been obtained and included in the State Register, among them ‘Bolotovskoye’, ‘Veniaminovskoye’, ‘Candil Orlovski’, ‘Solnyshko’ and the first domestic scab immune variety ‘Imrus’ (‘Immune Russian’). Taking into account such positive qualities of triploid apple varieties as more regular fruiting, high marketability of fruits and increased self-fertility, a series of triploid varieties crossed from diploid x tetraploid to tetraploid x diploid was obtained for the first time in the world and zoned: ‘Avgusta’, ‘Bezhin Lug’, ‘Dariona’, ‘Orlovski Partizan’, ‘Osipovskoye’, ‘Patriot’, etc. Triploid apple varieties with immunity to scab are ofspecial interest. Such promising zoned apple varieties are ‘Aleksandr Boiko’, ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Maslovskoye’ and ‘Yablochny Spas’. Besides, from two diploid parents another three triploid varieties have been obtained as a result of the formation of non reduced gametes in one of the initial genotypes: ‘Pamyat Semakinu’, ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ and ‘Yubilar’. The apple variety ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ is being widely distributed in the industrial and amateur orchards. The created in recent years complex genotypes being donors of diploid gametes, immunity to scab and columnar habit give the opportunity to obtain varieties possessing triploidy, immunity and columnar habit. From the hybrid fund, elite seedlings No. 219 and 295 (candidates in essentially new varieties) with a set of valuable traits have already been revealed.

About the Authors

E. N. Sedov
FSBSI All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (ARRIFCB)
Russian Federation


G. A. Sedysheva
FSBSI All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (ARRIFCB)
Russian Federation


Z. M. Serova
FSBSI All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (ARRIFCB)
Russian Federation


T. V. Yanchuk
FSBSI All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (ARRIFCB)
Russian Federation


S. A. Korneyeva
FSBSI All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (ARRIFCB)
Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Sedov E.N., Sedysheva G.A., Serova Z.M., Yanchuk T.V., Korneyeva S.A. Essentially new apple varieties with fruit of high marketable and consumer qualities. Horticulture and viticulture. 2017;(3):23-30. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18454/VSTISP.2017.3.6292

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ISSN 0235-2591 (Print)
ISSN 2618-9003 (Online)