Significance of the raspberry hybrid fund sanitized from malicious viruses in the contemporary breeding

Abstract

The problem to limit spreading of malicious viral diseases of raspberry and create high-resistant varieties is acute in the world. At present, more than 20 viral diseases have been revealed on raspberry 5 of which are the most widespread: ring spot of raspberry (RpRSV), rock-cress mosaic (ArMV), latent ring spot of raspberry (SLRSV), black ring spot of tomato (TBRV) and bushy nanism of raspberry (RBDV). The plants of raspberry infected with viruses reduce growth energy, multiplication coefficient, seed production, seed germination, fruit quality and yields. The use in the crosses of infected original parental forms leads to obtaining the obviously sick hybrids that does not allow to evaluating them objectively for their main economic characteristics and properties. To use in the breeding of hybrid fund raspberry sanitized from malicious viruses it is necessary to develop a program of creation of the highest quality gene pool in each breeding and nursery center and to observe it strictly. The main points of this program are the use in crossings only parents which are free from malicious viruses; regular retesting of the original forms; carrying out of hybridization in the conditions of the closed ground, excluding flight of insects and uncontrolled movement of the contaminated pollen or placement of healthy parental forms on separate plots with spatial isolation 1.5-2km; sanitation of valuable parental forms; immediate removing of highly susceptible genotypes from the sites. A reliable way to increase resistance to infection with malicious viruses is genetic stability. These tasks can be solved only with an integrated approach. For this purpose it is necessary to create contemporary breeding and nursery centers where joint researches of breeders, virologists and nursery workers will be conducted.