Diagnosis of viruses of fruit and small fruit crops is an important stage in the production of certified planting material

Viruses are dangerous pathogens of fruit and small fruit crops. The prevalence of viral diseases in Russia varies from 32 to 80 % depending on the culture. The main ways to solve the problem of sanitation of horticultural crops from viruses in Russia are the creation of breeding and nursery centers and the introduction of a modern system of certification of planting material. An important task in breeding and nursery centers is to diagnose viruses. Diagnosis is carried out by testing on indicators, serological and molecular methods, electron microscopy. The methods of ELISA and PCR are now increasingly being used. Modern methods of virus diagnostics must meet the requirements of high sensitivity, specificity, reliability, suitability for mass testing of samples. Diagnostic methods need to be adapted to the biological characteristics of specific cultures and types of viruses. For successful testing, the optimal timing and type of samples, the distribution of viruses in the plant, the composition of the extractive buffer, preventing the destruction of viruses, are of great importance. The optimal period of diagnosis of viruses on fruit and small fruit crops by ELISA in open ground in Central Russia is the period from the second half of May to the end of June. The advantage of PCR is the possibility of effective diagnosis of the virus in the tissues in the rest of the plants. Improvement of the PCR method should be carried out in the direction of increasing its productivity, reducing the stages, simplifying and improving the efficiency of procedures for the release of nucleic acids from plant material. Currently, ARHIBAN is working on the sanitation and identification of plants free from malicious viruses: for 2011-2017 16 thousand analysis were made and 3 thousand of virus-free plants were selected. Diagnosis of viruses of fruit and small fruit crops is one of the most important stages in the breeding and nursery centers.

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