Biological peculiarities of growth and fructification of the columnar apple-tree varieties and their efficiency

The purpose of researches is the study of biological peculiarities of growth and fructification of columnar apple-tree varieties, their productivity and economic efficiency. Experiment is lay in 2001 by twoyear-old seedlings on the clonal stock of MM 106 by the varieties: President, Tchervonets, Ostankino, Valyuta. Each variety was presented by 16 trees. The placing scheme was two-line 2,5 + 0,9×0.4 m with the density 14705 trees/ha. Two types of a crone were studied: column a trunk without lateral branches and naturally growing, without pruning. At trunk column all lateral branches were annually moved off, leaving shoot of continuation of the trunk. Height of the tree was limited to 2,7 m. Trees without pruning at the 13-year-old age were reached the height of 3,7 m. Space between rows was kept under lawn. There was herbicidal fallow in the row. The fructification period was 13 years. Expenses for manufacture were counted on standard technological cards. It is established, that the cultivation of columnar apple-tree varieties in the industrial orchard with forming pruning and density of planting of trees 14705 pieces/ha was ineffective because of the big expenses for planting material and forming pruning. Despite the high potential productivity reaching 106 t/ha, the average productivity for the amortization period makes 17,8 t/ha that is absolutely not enough for profi t reception. The efficiency of cultivation of columnar apple-tree varieties considerably increases without application of forming pruning. In this case the average yield for 13 years of fructification was on 27,5 % more, than at forming pruning, but in the absence of expenses for pruning the orchard became profitable with an yield of 23,5 t/ha.

колонновидная яблоня, сорта, биологические особенности, рост, плодоношение, продуктивность, эффективность, columnar apple-tree, varieties, biological peculiarities, growth, fructification, productivity, efficiency

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