Comparative physiological biochemical characterization of the resistance of apple varieties in different ecological and geographical origin to abiotic stresses

Abstract

TO identify аpple varieties that are promising for cultivation in the South of Russia their adaptive resistance to abiotic stressors for winter and summer periods was evaluated. By physiological and bio- chemical studies in аpple varieties in different ecological and geographical origin the content of saccharose, proline, anthocyanins, chalcones, protein, starch, phenol-carbonic acids in the winter was analysed. It was revealed that triploid apple varieties Soyuz and Rodnichiok, as well as diploid varieties Rassvet, Fortuna domestic breeding have proved most resilient to the stressors of the winter period in comparison with the other studied varieties. It was shown that in the conditions of sufficient water supply in summer in the studied diploid occurring apple tree leaf water content of grain to a greater extent is limited by temperature variations and the conditions op low humidity, like di-and triploid is limited by the amount of precipitation. The varieties Prikubanskoe, Fortuna, Rodnichok, Souz of breeding in NCRRIH&V and Earle Mack of american breeding possess a complex of traits of drought resistance and heat resistance and can be used in the breeding process as the sources of these complex traits.