The initial material for the creation of apple varieties of high quality

The results of the long-term study of apple gene pool at the All Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding (ARRIFCB) are given. The apple gene pool is represented by varieties of different genetic and geographic origin. The investigations were performed in the plots of primary and collection study according to the methods of fruit, small fruit and nut crop variety study. The material for study of marketable and consumer qualities of fruit has been generalized. The sources of high taste qualities and attractive appearance of fruit have been revealed. Study of the main foreign apple varieties with fruit of high quality and long storage life (`Golden Delicious`, `Idared`, `Granny Smith`, `Jonagold`, `Jonathan`, `Fuji`, `Champion`, `Breburn`, etc.) showed their unsuitability for cultivation in conditions of the temperate zone of Russia. These varieties are recommended for using in breeding as sources for development varieties with high consumer qualities of fruit. Among the accessions of the last years, early summer varieties `Elena` (Belarus), `Geneva Early` (USA), `Daria` (Czechia); winter varieties `Rozhdestvenskoye` and `Afrodita` (ARRIFCB, Russia) and late winter varieties `Alesia` (Belarus), `Breburn` (New Zealand), `Idared` and `Honey Crisp` (USA) have been distinguished by fi ne qualities of fruit. Apple variety of ARRIFCB breeding: `Afrodita`, `Vavilovskoye`, `Veniaminovskoye`, `Zhilinskoye`, `Maslovskoye` and `Rozhdestveskoye` with fruit of high consumer and marketable qualities, have immunity to scab and display resistance to unfavorable winter conditions. Brief characteristics according to the parameters of marketable and consumer qualities are given to the apple varieties that are recommended for using in breeding. Using of foreign and home varieties with fruit of high quality in combination with donors of high winter hardiness adapted to local conditions would make it possible to develop highly qualitative apple varieties on a level with the world standards. When import substitution of fruit products is necessary, the development of apple varieties with fruit of high quality and capable to compete with foreign ones is an important national economic task.

сорта, яблоня, генофонд, товарность плодов, вкус, исходный фонд для селекции, varieties, apple, gene pool, fruit marketability, fruit taste, initial pool for breeding

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