The scientifi c basis of import substitution in horticulture are considered as a priority direction of modern agricultural science, because the domestic consumption of fruits and berries is crucial to strengthen the nation’s health. Numerous studies of the biochemical composition of fruits and berries produced in the territory of the Russian Federation attest about their high antioxidative activity and other rich content of phytonutrients. Russia currently has to import 7 million tons of fruits and berries (excluding citrus fruit and grapes), although most of them can be successfully grown in Russia and especially the apple fruits. In accordance with the questions planned in the State Program of development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020 years, aimed at import substitution, the article describes the main stages of the accelerating of production of high quality of domestic products, a number of measures aimed at the implementation of scientifi cally justifi ed system of Russia nursery management developed by specialized institutions under the auspices of ARHIBAN. The paper presents calculations by areas of the annual landing of intensive plantations until 2020, and by the number of domestic certifi ed seedlings needed for the implementation of the state program. It provides information on the arrangements for the establishment of modern fruit storage of suffi cient capacity and projects under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation for reimbursement of direct costs incurred to create and modernize the objects of agro-industrial complex. It is diffi cult to overestimated the role of innovative scientifi c research in the implementation of the new state support measures directed on import

In the article the results of research on breeding and variety study of small-fruits and non-traditional horticultural crops in I.V. Michurin All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture for 2011-2015 are given. The basic directions of research on small-fruits (gooseberry, raspberry, red currant, black currant), rare (chokeberry, hawthorn, blackberry, saskatoon, viburnum, mountain ash, hazelnut, bird-cherry, dog-rose) and non-traditional (actinidia, barberry, blueberry, honeysuckle, dogwood, lemongrass, elaeagnus multiflora, buckthorn, golden currant, chaenomeles, mulberry) horticultural crops are presented. In the frame of the experiments the evaluation of the genetic and hybrid funds on complex agronomic characters was made. It was noted that over the past five years, the collections of black currant (43 varieties), raspberries (42), honeysuckle (40), red currant (32), mulberry (28) and gooseberry (22) were significantly increased. As sources for breeding 35 variety samples, including Feya, Sentyabrskaya (actinidia); Chernookaya, A-160 (chokeberry); 2-20 (barberry); Caramelka (hawthorn), Bakcharsky velikan, Goluboy dessert, Knyaginya, 1045-11 (honeysuckle); Bluesun, Slay’t, 2-45-2 (saskatoon); Kievskya sadovaya, Sladkaya Lavrinovoy, X-10 (viburnum) Volgogradskiy grushevidniy, Crimskiy, MOS VIR (dogwood); Compromiss, Orphey, Uralskiy rozoviy (gooseberry); Orangevoye chudo, Polana (raspberry); Sorbinka, Titan (rowan); Samburskaya, Dana (red currant), Belorusochka, Zelenaya dymka, Selechenskaya 2, Shalunya (black currant); Ivanushka (chaenomeles); Cherniy blesk (cherries) and Geisha (rose hips) were recommended. To the state tests 18 varieties: Podarok Kuminova (hawthorn); Diana, Knyaginya, Petr Pervyi, Severnoye siyanie (honeysuckle); Zvezdnaya noch (saskatoon); Zvezdochet, Orfei, Sphinx (gooseberry); Casanova (buckthorn); Znoyniy mirag, Michurinskiy souvenir (golden currant); Amirani, Pandora, Talisman (black currant); Geisha, Ezhik and Michurinskiy yubileyniy (dog-rose) were transferred. The varieties: Sensei (black currant); Shahrazada (raspberry); Znoyniy miraj (golden currant); Podarok Kuminova (hawthorn); Geisha, Ezshik and Michurinskiy yubileyniy (dog-rose) were approved for using in the production.

The genetic potential of peach and nectarine in the Nikitsky Botanical gardens helped to breed the optimal varieties with economically valuable properties. The characteristics of promising peaches (Krymskiy Shedevr, Krymskiy Diamant, Etyudniy) and nectarines (Rubinoviy-8, Rubinoviy-9, Krymchanin) varieties have been given in the article. Pomological characteristics of the fruits, terms of ripening, resistance of plants to fungal diseases, high productivity, degree of frost resistance and drought resistance are described. Varieties are interesting for commercial production and private orchards gardening in the Crimea and the southern regions of Russia.

TO identify аpple varieties that are promising for cultivation in the South of Russia their adaptive resistance to abiotic stressors for winter and summer periods was evaluated. By physiological and bio- chemical studies in аpple varieties in different ecological and geographical origin the content of saccharose, proline, anthocyanins, chalcones, protein, starch, phenol-carbonic acids in the winter was analysed. It was revealed that triploid apple varieties Soyuz and Rodnichiok, as well as diploid varieties Rassvet, Fortuna domestic breeding have proved most resilient to the stressors of the winter period in comparison with the other studied varieties. It was shown that in the conditions of sufficient water supply in summer in the studied diploid occurring apple tree leaf water content of grain to a greater extent is limited by temperature variations and the conditions op low humidity, like di-and triploid is limited by the amount of precipitation. The varieties Prikubanskoe, Fortuna, Rodnichok, Souz of breeding in NCRRIH&V and Earle Mack of american breeding possess a complex of traits of drought resistance and heat resistance and can be used in the breeding process as the sources of these complex traits.

The apple-tree is the main fruit crop in the world, Russia and its southern regions. In the North Caucasus the percent of the areas occupied by the apple-tree fluctuates (on horticulture zones) from 60 to 90 %.Its wide spread is bound to the high winter hardiness, increased adaptability to the environmental factors, keeping quality and good transportability. However, her reaction to the manifestation of adverse environmental factors is different. One of the major factors limiting success of its cultivation is the temperature schedule of the winter-spring period. The main reason for the total or partial loss of the yield of fruit crops (including apple-trees) is the lack of the created, ecologically balanced zones of their cultivation. It is shown in this work that the species and varietal composition of fruit crops should be formed taking into account compliance in system “fruit crop - environment”, especially in the conditions of self-reliance. The paper presents the optimum and limiting conditions of temperature in the context of the development of apple-tree phenophases. In the resting phase her floral kidneys can bear to -30 °C, in the swelling stage - to -15 °C, the blooming - -8 °C, the appearance of the petals - -4 °C, flowering- -2 °C. The Krasnodar and Stavropol regions (flat territories) in the North Caucasus have the greatest number of lands for its cultivation. There are a lot of lands, restrictedly suitable for cultivation of the apple-tree under the terms of the winter-spring period in the foothill regions of the North Caucasus. In mountain conditions the cultivation of commodity gardens of the apple-tree are limited to the relief and the rigidity of the temperature schedule in the dormant period. By means of geoinformational technologies the ecological map of the optimum placement of the apple-tree in the North Caucasus depending on the temperature schedule of winter-spring development is created. Territories of various degree of usefulness for cultivation of the apple-tree were identified by regions.

The purpose of the study was to identify the signs of relict agrogenic transformation turbocharged soil under the influence of the ancient agrotechnologies of cultivation of perennial plants for the unique in duration (23th century) during annealing soils in North-Western Crimea. The values of 39 geochemical ratios and rates using data on physico-chemical properties, humus condition, the content of total and mobile forms of macro- and micronutrients. It made the selection of the most informative agrogenic indicators by comparison with soil-standard (virgin) and fallow land thus applied statistical methods. Soil-genetic methods confirmed the results of the geomagnetic survey signs land of perennial plants in ancient times and established features of the formation at the root layer plantage processing rendzina with shallow dense limestone. Technological differences to create a favorable root zone with garden and grape Plantage (type arbustum) with row spacing of 5 m and grape Plantage (type vinea) with a width of 2 m between rows affected annealed properties of soils. Deficiency of some trace elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni), which was detected in soils postagrogenic agrees to selectively biological uptake from the soil during the period of cultivation of grapes in the ancient times. With long duration of annealing develop- mental maturity of the soil in the mountains is achieved. A (first 21 cm) morphologically (for ages 7-9), functional (82 %) in time, and in the transitional horizon (AB) for two millennia apart reproduction properties are relatively small characteristic time saved relic signs and agrotechnological and agrogenic transformations.