In article current problems of development of industrial horticulture of Dagestan are considered. It was noted that, despite, positive dynamics of growth of the areas and productivity of fruit crops in branch, indicators of efficiency remain at a low level. In structure of production of fruits the largest specific weight is still the share of personal subsidiary farms, questions of sale, processing of production don’t find the solution. The state support of the agricultural enterprises, improvement of placement on natural and soil zones, the organization of the logistics centers of sale, restoration of the nursery farming, development of agro-industrial integration were revealed as the main directions of recovery of industrial horticulture.

The determination of production stability in industrial fruit growing, which is a specific complex system consisting of their biological, man-made and economic subsystems, is given. There are examined factors affecting the reproductive stability of the regions industrial horticulture. The definition of state regulation of agro-industrial production is given and its main tasks are considered. The necessity of application of tools of state regulation of the market of fruit production as one of mechanisms of management of steady development of subjects of branch entrepreneurship is proved. Direct (administrative) and indirect (economic) measures of state regulation are considered. As indirect measures of regulation of the market of fruit production measures of non-tariff regulation-quotas of the imported fruit production (apples), that is establishment of seasonal quotas for the period of mass gathering and realization of a crop for regulation of capacity of the consumer market mainly by production of domestic production are offered. Indexes of seasonality of realization of apples of domestic and import production characterizing the actual fluctuations of capacity of the market corresponding to certain seasons are calculated. According to the calculated seasonality indices, the periods and volumes of quotas for imported fruit products (apples) are determined. Economic efficiency is determined from the application of the non-tariff regulation methods, consisting in the growth of agricultural producers ‘ incomes, the personal incomes of workers of the agricultural enterprises, gross added value, the value of tax revenues in budgets of various levels, which indicates a high social and economic importance of the proposed instrument of state regulation of the market of fruit products.

Brief descriptions of economically valuable characteristics of 45 apple varieties breeding in All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding are given in this article. Long-term study of varieties allowed to revealed from a large set of varieties donors and sources of valuable traits. The varieties Afrodita, Bolotovskoe, Veniaminovskoe, Vostorg, Zdorovie, Ivanovskoe, Kandil Orlovsky, Kurnakovskoe, Orlovskoe Polesie, Pamiati Hitrovo, Svezhest, Sozvezdie, Solnyshko, Stroevskoe and Jubiley Moskvy have been selected as donors of immunity to scab. The varieties Vostorg, Girlianda, Orlovskaya Yesenia, Poezia and Priokskoe have been selected as donors of columnar tree habit. The varieties Bolotovskoe, Veteran, Girlianda, Imrus, Orlik, Ranneye Aloe, Sozvezdie, Sokovinka and Yubiley Moskvy can be sources of higher winter hardiness. Columnar apple varieties of the Institute as well as Veteran, Svezhest and Utrennya Zvezda are sources of high productivity. The varieties Blagodat, Zhelannoe, Morozovskoe, Orlovskoe Polosatoe, Pamiat Voinu and Slavianin are high marketable qualities of fruit; the varieties Afrodita, Blagodat, Veniaminovskoe, Veteran, Orlik, Osipovskoe, etc. are high taste qualities of fruit; Veteran, Imrus, Kulikovskoe and Svezhest are durable fruit storage; the varieties Zarianka, Pepin Orlovsky, Veteran, Ivanoskoe and Vita are higher content of ascorbic acid in fruit (14,5-21,4 mg/100 g); the varieties Afrodita, Radost Nadezhdy, Bolotovskoe, Vita, Kandil Orlovsky, Pamiati Hitrovo, Pamit Semakinu, Utrenya Zvezda and Chistotel are high content of P-active substances in fruit (over 450 mg/100 g); the varieties Bolotovskoe, Orlovim, Orlinka, Osipovskoe, Priokskoe, Rozhdestvenskoe, Girlianda and Vostorg are sources of variety suitability for juice production. Some of these varieties have already been successfully used in Russia and a number of other countries as donors or sources for the creation of varieties of new generation.

The analysis of productivity in the hybrid progeny of Prunus domestica is carried out. It was found that seedlings with low productivity predominated in most hybridfamilies.Hybrids with high productivity were revealed in combinations of crossing Eurasia 21 x Renclod Тenkovsky, Evrazia 21 x free pollination and Zyuzinskaya x free pollination. Genotypes with good productivity are split in hybrid families: Tenkovskaya golubka x Doch Tatarstana, Sverkhrannyya x Sverkhrannyya, Evrazia 21 x free pollination, Sineglazka x Renclod Тenkovsky, Zyuzinskaya x free pollination, Tenkovskaya Golubka x Renclod Тenkovsky et al. The sources of high productivity were the hybrids 8-2-49, 8-3-84, 1-1-52, 1-3-46, 1-3-3 и 1-2-51, the sources of good productivity were the varieties Tenkovskaya Golubka, Sverkhrannyya, Sineglazka and hybrids 8-4-76, 8-4-79.

The article presents the results of the study of introduced varieties of intersectional hybrids of Paeonia on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The main research tasks were the replenishment of the collection of the genus Paeonia L. with new varieties from the Itoh Hybrid Group, their introductory variety study and revealing of the most valuable varieties suitable for introduction into production, and also for use in breeding work. Estimation of decorative and economically valuable characteristic was carried out according to the generally accepted «Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural varieties», and also using the method of comparative estimation of ornamental varieties elaborated by the Main Botanical Garden. Morphometric descriptions of varieties (plant height, the number of vegetative and generative shoots, the length and width of the leaf, the length of the peduncle, the diameter and height of the flower, the fragrance, the length and width of the fruit, etc.) are presented in details. As a result of the estimation of decorative qualities of peonies from the group of Itoh Hybrid Group, 3 varieties – Bartzella, Hillary and Lemon Dream were received the highest appreciation (97-98 points). According to the estimation of economic and biological characteristics, 5 varieties: Border Charm, Canary Brilliants, Hillary, Scarlet Heaven, Yellow Waterlily were received maximum appreciation (48-49 points) On the basis of a comprehensive estimation it is established that the varieties under study are adapted for cultivation in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Urals. The variety Hillary was received the highest appreciation (147 points). It is original, highly decorative, has a high flowering and reproductive capacity, and is resistant to the natural and climatic conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Results of long-term of field and biochemical researches on studying of compatibility of the apricot with clonal rootstocks are presented. It is shown, that in conditions of the Moscow area development of plants and their state depend on the degree of compatibility scion/stock combinations. Reduction of trees longevity of combinations of varieties ‘Alesha’ and ‘Samarskiy’on SVG-11-19 is marked. Incompatibility of apricot with the stock SVG-11-19 had a slowed down nature and was manifested in the form of fractures at the place of inoculation in the garden at the age of 1-6 years. In laboratory conditions it is established high antioxidant activity of leaves and bark at well compatible combinations (varieties ‘Alesha’ and ‘Samarskiy’ on stock OD-2-3). It is marked reduction of this parameter on 20 % at scion/stock combinations with insufficient compatibility (varieties ‘Alesha’ and ‘Samarskiy’ on stock SVG-11-19). Differences on antioxidant activity of leaves during active growth of plants have been expressed more strongly, than at research of bark in the beginning of vegetation. The effect of rootstock on the qualitative composition of secondary metabolites of leaves was established by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, as evidenced by differences in the chromatographic profiles of alcohol extracts of the leaves of the studied varieties. With the help of electronic microscopy anomalies in regeneration and differentiations of fabrics in zone of accretion at incompatible combinations of apricot were revealed.

The main aim of this research was to study techniques of branching stimulation and determine their efficiency for obtaining crowned apple seedlings at one-year age. As result of the studies it was found that the use of mechanical techniques of branching stimulation significantly impact on the indicators of the aboveground part of annual seedlings. The nipping of the shoot top and nipping of the top with the removal of 3-4 upper leaves helped to reduce the height of seedlings and to obtain lateral branches in all studied scion-rootstock combinations. In the control variant, without any mechanical action on the central conductor, branched single-celled apple trees were not obtained. When comparing those techniques of branching stimulation, significant differences were observed in the indicators of the aboveground part of annual seedlings. The nipping of the top with the removal of 3-4 upper leaves helped to obtain lateral shoots from 1,5 pieces in Rozhdestvenskoye variety to 3,7 pieces in Veteran variety with wider angles of divergence from the central trunk. Laying of the branches in the crown when pinching the tip of the shoot manifested itself to a lesser extent (1,0 – 2,7 pieces) and with sharper angles of divergence. The trunk height and length of lateral branches in annual seedlings achieved standard performance regardless of the techniques used. The efficient technique of branching stimulation is the nipping of the top with the removal of 3-4 upper leaves when height of the trees is 70-80 sm.

The results of studies on the evaluation of the ability of certain species of irises of the subgenus Limniris to seed reproduction and the expediency of decapitation of shoots for increasing the coefficient of vegetative reproduction are given. The account of seed productivity at the iris species of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery collection was evaluated by the results of natural pollination. In the experiment with decapitation of shoots at Iris pseudacorus, I. sibirica and I. spuria subsp. musulmanica, the removal of buds was carried out at the beginning of the budding phase. It was revealed that in the Moscow region, regular abundant fruiting was observed at the plants of I. pseudacorus, I. setosa (more than 170 seeds per shoot), average at I. spuria (up to 170 seeds per shoot), weak at I. sibirica, I. ensata, I. spuria subsp. musulmanica (up to 110 seeds on 1 shoot). It has been established that decapitation of irises shoots can be effective only at species and varieties with high flower productivity with the development of numerous flowers on peduncles. At species and forms with low flower productivity – with the formation of 2-3 flowers on the peduncle – the carrying out of this agrotechnical technique is impractical. The obtained results allow to more accurately predict the coefficient of reproduction of irises and to be determined with the strategy of their reproduction.

The aim of the research was to study the effect of the growth regulator “Regalis” on the length of annual shoots and yield of different apple varieties. The research was done in apple orchards planted in the year 2011 in JSC “Agrofirmaimeni 15 let Oktyabrya” in the Lipetsk region. Objects of research: apple trees of the next varieties: Bogatyr, Rozhdestvenskoe and Zhigulevskoe. There was observed the variety response to the application of the growth regulator “Regalis”. The most responsive to treatments were the varieties Rozhdestvenskoe and Zhigulevskoe. The use of growth regulator Regalis treatments promoted to the decrease of the length of annual shoots. This was particularly evident in the spring of 2016, which was characterized by abundant precipitation. Double treatments of apple trees with the growth regulator “Regalis” in 2016 were more effective compare to 2014-2015. The decrease of shoot length on the variety Bogatyr trees was 48,1 % (“Regalis” 1.25 kg/ha + 1.25 kg/ha) and 63,2 % (“Regalis” 1.25 kg/ ha + 0.75 kg/ha); on the variety Rozhdestvenskoe – 55.0 and 60,6 %; the variety Zhigulevskoye – 64.2 and 67.9 %. On trees of the variety Bogatyr the decrease of the length of shoots was 18.9 and of 28.0 % (2014); 40.7 and 58.4 % (2015). On plants of the variety Rozhdestvenskoe – 32.3 and 24.1 %; 33.6 and 51,9 %; the Zhigulevskoye – 46.0 and 40.4 %; 39.9 and 48.6 %, respectively by years. There was noted the tendency of annual yield increase of fruits in apple orchards with application of the growth regulator Regalis. The yield increase by using the growth regulator Regalis with an application rate 1.25 kg/ha + 1.25 kg/ha was from 9.8 to 118.3 c/ha depending on the variety. The most yield increase was obtained in the treatment with the use of the growth regulator Regalis with the application rate1,25
kg/ha + 0.75 kg/ha. The yield increase was on variety Bogatyr 25.1, 23.4 and 28.3 c/ha; on variety Rozhdestvenskoe 33.3, 120.6 and 85.0 c/ha; on variety Zhigulevskoye – 75.0, 91.6 and 28.3 c/ha, respectively by years. The lowest yield increase was observed in 2014 on the variety Bogatyr and was to 9.8 c/ha, and in 2015 in the Zhigulevskoye variety – 16.7 c/ha with the use of “Regalis”, application rate – 1.25 kg/ha + 1.25 kg/ha.