The results of the study of varieties and selected forms of black currant on the resistance to septoria leaf spot (white spotting) and cercosporosis (brown spotting of leaves) in the conditions of the south-western part of Non-chernozem zone of Russia (2001-2017) have been presented. The aim of the work is to identify genetic sources of resistance to pathogens. As a result of long-term researches the best combinations of crossings on the output of the highly resistant forms to septoria leaf spot: Orloviya × Yadryonaya, Golubichka × Orloviya, Yadryonaya × Venera, Rita × Titania, Gratsiya × Monisto, Izyumnaya × Chernaya Vual’, Kipiana × Glarioza, Istok × Tamerlan, 7-1-157 × Litvinovskaya, Tamerlan × Litvinovskaya, [(762-5-82 × Dobrynya 1) × Selechenskaya 2] and the populations from the free pollination of the Debryansk, Kudesnik, Orlovskaya Serenada, Tamerlan varieties and a range of selected forms have been established. Varieties and selective forms, characterized by high resistance to septoria leaf spot (Pamyati Potapenko, Podarok Veteranam, Raduzhnaya, Rita, Sensei, Tamerlan, Tiben, 6-14-4, 33-27-1, 28-03-2, 36-17-8 et al.) and cercosporosis (Gulliver, Kipiana, Myth, Sevchanka, Sharovidnaya, Ben Hopen, 1-5-1, 4-34-8, 7-03-15 et al.) have been revealed, on plants which even in epiphytotytic seasons there were marked insigni fi cant foci of lesions of the leaf apparatus.

A full range of classical and modern methods of evaluation of biological peculiarities and economic characteristics of samples including in the bioresource collection is presented. The main directions of their study: seasonal development, ontomorphogenesis, reproductive biology and genetic certi fi cation. It is shown that for trees, shrubs and perennials forming shoots of different types during the vegetative period, it is preferable to construct separate phonological spectra of vegetative and generative development. The adaptive potential is estimated on the basis of studying the structure of shoot systems and preservation of them in the unfavorable periods of weather; the formation of life form in ontogenesis; and upon reaching the generative state, it is done, taking into account the peculiarities of intrabud and extrabud organogeneses. The applied aspect of these studies is substantiation of time and methods of rejuvenation of objects for preservation of them in the bioresource collections. When studying reproductive biology, the potential importance of samples for breeding as paternal and maternal parental forms is determined. The fertility and viability of pollen are studied in detail in paternal forms, the terms and methods of pollen storage are elaborated. Fruit setting with different methods of pollination is evaluated in maternal forms. The fi nal stage is to estimate the potential and actual seed productivity, determine the type of dormancy of seeds and develop ways to overcome it. Based on the example of model objects, representatives of generic complexes of Rhaponticum and Trollius, the advantages of molecular-genetic method of ISSR-marking, based on the analysis of polymorphic DNA sites between microsatellites are shown. Its use allows to detect the greater number of polymorphic loci, and does not require prior cloning and sequencing of fragments for the selection of primers. The chemical composition of three species for cellulose, lignin, pentosans and ash content was studied in the model Miscanthus object, which is a promising bioenergetic culture. It was shown that samples with high cellulose content but low lignin content are of interest for technological processes.

In the presented work results of scab resistance evaluation for several Dagestan apple varieties, both modern, and indigenous breeding, in the conditions of the Kubanzone of horticulture, are given. Scab resistance evaluation was carried out during two consecutive years on an arti fi cial and natural infectious background using a qualitative and quantitative scale of estimation. An arti fi cial scab inoculation was created by infecting apple varieties with a complex inoculum, including four monospore isolates of scab that have different variety and geographical origins. As a result of the performed work, it was revealed that the varieties Dagestanskoe zimnee, Renet Buinakskiy and Gornoe (4-5 points of damage) had the greatest susceptibility to scab. They, along with the fact that the spots of lesions occupied a signi fi cant part of the leaf and often merged among themselves, forming areas of continuous damage, there was abundant sporulation. At the same time, it was revealed that the Mig-ints (indigenous variety) and the modern varieties Yubileynoe Alibekova, Battalovskoye, in which the Mig-ints variety is a parental form, exhibit resistance, characterized by the presence of chlorotic and necrotic zones around lesions with weak sporulation. At the same time, the Kazanishchenskoe variety, which also has the Mig-ints variety as a parental form, exhibited a reaction intermediate between the total susceptibility and the Mig-ints reaction. According to the quantitative assessment scale, the degree of damage was higher in the given variety than in the Mig-Ints, Yubileynoe Alibekova and Battalovskoye, however, on the qualitative scale, the revealed type of reaction with a low level of sporulation was similar to the indicated varieties. It can be assumed that this is a consequence of the polygenic nature of resistance in a given variety, which determines the complex nature of inheritance of the trait. On the basis of the data obtained, it is suggested that the Mig-ints and its progenies varieties may have a probable presence of a monogenic resistance or a group of genes that determine this type of scab resistance reaction. For further elucidation the nature of resistance, development of mapping population has been initiated.

This article presents the results of variety study of Prunus domestica for 2015-2017. The aim is to identify varieties with the most optimal combination of economic and biological characteristics. 51 accessions of Prunus domestica L. were studied on the following features: productivity, quality of fruits, resistance to diseases, etc. As result, 7 accessions resistant to the disease Clasterosporium carpophilum Aderh. have been revealed: Urozhainaya Babich, Mashenka, the elite UB 3/176 (0.5points); Renclod Kursakov, Pamyati Khasanov, Indira, Sapphirnaya (1 point); hybrids of spinosa L.: № 6/24, GPT (0.5 points). 9 varieties with the most optimal combination of productivity, fruit quality, resistance to diseases and other economic and biological features have been revealed. Of the early ripening varieties they include: Utro, Smolinka; middle-ripening – Yakhontovaya, Sukhanovskaya; late ripening – Cubansci Karlic, Alexii; elite forms of medium ripening Sapphirnaya, Sergievscaya. These accessions are recommended for suburban and farm gardening.

The results of the study of strawberry varieties on resistance to adverse abiotic environmental factors have been presented. The researches were carried out in 2013-2017 inthe Kokino Base Station of All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The objects of research were 101 strawberry varieties of various genetic and ecological and geographical origins. It is shown that the signi fi cant damage to plants of strawberries have caused by low negative temperatures (from -20 0C) at the beginning of winter in the absence of snow cover. As a result of researches winter hardy varieties Vityaz’, Solovushka, Kupchikha, Kokinskayazarya, Slavutich, Nashe Podmoskov’e, Bereginya, Al’pha, Rusich, Bryanich have been revealed. In the group of mediumwinter hardiness (the degree of freezing is 2.0-2.5 points) 35 varieties, including Rosinka, Festival’naya Romashka, Amulet, Studencheskaya, Tsaritsa, Bogota, Divnaya, Surpriz Olympiade, Feyyerverk, Nadezhda, Naydena Dobraya, Venta, Onega and others have been classi fi ed. The strongest subfreezing (3,0-4,5 points) have been marked in 48 varieties, including Rozana kiyevskaya, Kokinskaya rannyaya, Mars, Kholidey, Dachnitsa, Irma, Vima Tarda, Nezabudka, Polka, Maryshka and others. The most unfavorable conditions for plants of strawberry have formed during fl owering in spring of 2017. More than 30% of the generative organs were damaged in the varieties Kokinskaya rannyaya and Irma. At the earliest neutral daily variety Lyubava the degree of subfreezing fl owers was low and made 13%. From the early varieties the increased resistance to spring frosts showed the varieties of breeding Kokino Base Station Rosinka and Kokinskaya Zarya, which is connected with the arrangement of buds and fl owers inside the bush. A low level of drought resistance and heat resistance showed the varieties Tenira, Mitse Shindler, Gloskap, Kokinskaya rannyaya, Onega, Yulduz, Akvarel’, Osennyaya zabava, Favorit, Khoney, Rozana kiyevskaya, Zenga Zengana. The extreme temperature conditions and moisture de fi ciency in the period of vegetation were best survived in the fi rst year of the fruiting varieties Kokinskaya zarya, Bereginya, Tsaritsa, Rusich, Kupchikha, Festival’naya, Nashe Podmoskov’e, Mars, Amulet, Maryshka, Bryanich and Venta.

The aim of this work is to study the functioning of fruit crops (on the example of apricot in the South of Russia) with the external factors acting on them in order to increase their productivity in conditions of climate change. Objectives: 1) to evaluate the range of tolerance of apricot culture at speci fi c moments of its life to the limiting factors of the growing environment; 2) to study the adaptability of the culture to changing climatic conditions for speci fi c phases of development. The changes of temperature conditions in the Krasnodarregion and the Republicof Kabardino-Balkariyafor 32 years (1986-2017) were analyzed. The duration of the period of manifestation of stress factors of the winter-spring period in the Kubanzone of Krasnodar region and its western foothills causing the death of apricot fl ower buds was studied. The manifestations of temperature stress factors in the winter-spring period in the Steppe and Foothill zones of Kabardino-Balkaria were studied in parallel (for comparison). Tendencies of shift of limiting factors in the main zones of apricot cultivation in these regions in the winter-spring period are noted. It is established that with the General global warming there is a local increase in the period of winter development of temperature stresses on the strength and frequency of their manifestations. Adaptive reactions of apricot on climate fl uctuations in time (32 years) and space (Krasnodarregion, Republicof Kabardino-Balkaria) are revealed. The obtained data should be used to “ fi t” the new environmental conditions to the requirements of the plant organism (in this case, for apricot culture).

The estimation of the relevance of the garden landscape paradigm, consisting in the use of the parameters of the geographical environment for land management of the working plots in the territories of agricultural enterprises (agrotechcenoses) is given. The question of the approach to the solution of the problem is considered: between the point scale of information collection and the area nature of decision making in the design of industrial gardens. The shortcomings of modern methods of choice of the discreteness space for estimation garden suitable territories were analyzed. In order to create a scenario of the proposed methodology, we used the category of geographical space for optimization the placement of industrial garden plantations in the agricultural landscapes of agrotechnical communities. In conducting the research, methods and criteria were used for estimating the geographical space of landscapes of different scales and their capacity for systems that are lower in rank, starting with elementary ones. In the proposals of designs of garden landscaping were used the scientific basis of the build of its structure and landscape connections. For practical horticulture, the scenario of modeling the logic of the transition from geoto ecosystems with the indication of the universal spatial element – agroparcell is presented. In the development of knowledge about the scale of garden landscapes explanations of the importance of this inter-system transition associated with the transfer of characteristics of the ideas of ecology of landscape to the ideas of landscape ecology, and back. Translations of such characteristics were considered to explain the phenomena of the dynamics of the processes taking place in the geographical environment of garden landscapes and the search for ways of regulation (management) of the environmental situation. The developed models for estimating the suitability of land space, taking into account the knowledge of 2 schools of landscape studies, project agrogenic impact on the environment and adjusting the mechanisms of mass energy transfer in geo-and ecosystems with different scales, the use of convergent information and communication and co genitive technologies are of great practical importance.

Evaluation of biological effectiveness of synthetic sex pheromones of grape moth (Lobesia botrana Den.&Schiff., LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) Shin-Etsu MD L, D (dispenser) (172 mg/d (Е, Z) 7,9 dodekadien1-il-аcetat) and codling moth (Cydia pomonella L., LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) Shin-Etsu MD CTT, D (dispenser) (2,2 х 10-4 Е,Е-8,10dodekadien -1-оl + 1,2 х 10-4 кg/d 1-dodekanol + 2,76 х 10-5 кg/d 1-tetradecanol) and Breeze (178 мg/d codlemon + 42 мg/d n-tetradecil acetat) in orchards of Rostov, Oryol regions and Krasnodar territory is presented. To reduce population numbers of noxious insects by breaking chemical communication between males and females, method of sex disorientation was used, the essence of which is direct neurophysiological in fl uence of pheromone high concentration on chemoreceptor system of males and provoking adaptation of receptors and central nervous system to this smell, resulting in breaking orientation to natural pheromone of females. Test results proved that a single distribution of 500 dispensers of proper synthetic sex pheromones per1 ha assures a high protection of vines and apple trees against stated pests during the whole vegetation period. Application of pheromone Shin-Etsu MD L, D (dispenser) against grape moth disorientation effects was 99,7%. Apple damage caused by codling moth in case of pheromones Shin-Etsu MD CTT, D (dispenser) and Breeze (1,289,2 %; 1,8-20,8 %) application was considerably lower than that in the control(54,6-67,5 %: 71,6-92,6 %). Modern evaluation guidelines for biological effectiveness of these promising methods of plant protection are proposed. As pheromones are highly species-specific, are applied at very few numbers and, being volatile, do not remain on the treated territory, they can be recommended for the use as ecologically safe, alternative to chemical method assuring control of phytophages population.